Term
| Where and when did anatomically moden humans become fully human in behavior as well as in body? |
|
Definition
| About 130,000 years ago when their brain reached to about todays size and they started to move out of Africa. Their human behavior did not fully form until about 40,000 years ago. |
|
|
Term
| Who was African Eve and how was she identified? |
|
Definition
| African Eve lived about 200,000 years ago which was about the time we started to separate and create differences. She was how long ago we had a common ancestor with chimpanzees. |
|
|
Term
| What role did red ochre play in the evolution of modern human behavior? |
|
Definition
| The earliest mines found were red ochre mines in the Blombos Caves about 77,000 years old. Crushed and dried red ochre looks like the colour of blood. Two pieces of 77,000 year old pieces of red ochre were fond and there was evidence of trade with the red ochre as well as evidence of the first mondern art. |
|
|
Term
| Why is it incorrect to call sickle-cell anemia an "African disease"? |
|
Definition
| Because sickle cell anemia is related to malaria and the reason it didn't die out early on is because there's some good things about it. It's a disease that is passed down genetically. Two parents who are both heterozygous can still both give birth to a homozygous child who would then have sickle cell anemia, but if the child is heterozygous, then they are safe from getting diseases such as malaria. The reason why it is incorrect to call sickle cell anemia a soley african disease is because it can be found really anywhere malaria can be. Most commonly in africa, around the mediterranean, and southern and south/east asia. |
|
|
Term
| What are clines? What causes them? How are they an alternative to race in the explination of human variation? |
|
Definition
Clines are a gradient of change, something that is a gradual change. A charactaristic change or something over an area. A perfect patten of change.
This is what Brace is arguing about. He is the one who proposed Clines. They explain race through blood type (ABO) which is a good example of what a cline is. |
|
|
Term
| How does George W. Gill defend his belief in the biological reality of race against the argument of his critics? |
|
Definition
He looks at the bone structure, and if people have been there long enough, you can tell. By looking at the bones you have an 80% accuracy on the first try of telling where a person is from. Probably full accuracy of 100% would have to come out of two tests.
He believes that clines may work for certain things, but there are some divides where people don't breed so there isn't a gradual distribution of blood type or something. If something breeds long enough together, it shows up in their bones over time. Gill calls this "race" where as Brace calls it "sub-continential". |
|
|
Term
| What is population pressure? |
|
Definition
| Population pressure is when children are born before enough money is made to feed them. It's when humans breed too much and there's too many mouths to feed and not enough food, but as people start spreading out to look for new sources and places with food, eventually there is no where to go to find food because everywhere is taken. New behaviors may form because they can't find food. New food is tried, or less favoured foods are eaten when needed. Necessity made them invent new ways to feed themselves. |
|
|
Term
| What is social competition? |
|
Definition
| Jewelry is a good example of social competition. It's not really a nessecity, but it can be an identity. It could identify your group, and different groups liked to compete against each other. Body painting may be another form of social competition, as a way to show who you support. Social competition is something that isn't a nessecity, but it can define you and your group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Raymond Dart lived in south and was an anatomist. In 1924 someone brought him a small skull and he decided it was a new species. He named this new species Australopithecus Africanus. |
|
|
Term
| What does Australopithecus mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Why didn't Eskemo's skin colour stay dark?
a. because their food provided them with the folic acid they needed
b. because they didn't need to change their skin colour
c. their ancestors had dark skin and they had no reason to change theres
d. because it was very cold and darker skin makes it easier for them to get heat |
|
Definition
| c. their ancestors had dark skin and they had no reason to change theres |
|
|
Term
What species did Donald Johansson name?
a. Australopithecus Afarensis
b. Australopithecus Africanus
c. Homo Habilis
d. Australopithecus Robustus |
|
Definition
| a. Australopithecus Afarensis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
