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World Cultures Vocab
world cultures vocabulary set
53
History
9th Grade
06/03/2009

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Term
Proletariat
Definition
industrial working class
Term
Propaganda
Definition
spread of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause
Term
Repression
Definition
economic downfall
Term
Armistice
Definition
truce or agreement to end fighting
Term
Dynastic cycle
Definition
rise and fall of Chinese rulers according to the mandate of heaven
Term
Extraterritorially
Definition
principal allowing westerners accused of a crime in china to be tried in special, western-run courts instead of Chinese courts.
Term
Feudalism
Definition
system of gov’t in Europe during the Middle Ages and in Japan; Local lords ruled the land but were bound by the ties of loyalty to higher lords
Term
Bushido
Definition
code of behavior developed by Japan’s samurai class; emphasized military virtues; and samurai duty of loyalty.
Term
Pacificism
Definition
opposition to the use of force under any circumstances
Term
Desalination
Definition
converting sea water into fresh water for drinking and irrigation.
Term
Occupied territory
Definition
land seized by Israel during the 1967 war with Arab nations
Term
Intifada
Definition
mass uprising by Palestinians in territory held by Israel
Term
Black market
Definition
market in which people trade goods illegally
Term
Communes
Definition
community in which all property is held in common, living quarters are shared, physical needs are provided in exchange for work
Term
Collective farms
Definition
farm operated and managed under gov’t direction
Term
Isolationism
Definition
policy of avoiding foreign involvement and contacts
Term
Annex
Definition
add a territory to one’s own country
Term
Loess
Definition
yellow-brown soil that winds carry across North China Plain to Yellow River
Term
Militarism
Definition
glorification of the military and a readiness for war
Term
Trade imbalance
Definition
result of a country exporting more than importing; or importing more than exporting
Term
Shariah
Definition
sacred law of Islam that is based on the Koran
Term
Calligraphy
Definition
fine, ornate handwriting
Term
Abdicated
Definition
give up a high office
Term
Totalitarian State
Definition
nation in which gov’t controls every aspect of citizen’s lives through a single-party dictatorship
Term
Responsibility program
Definition
Chinese program to raise food production and increase gov’t power; each farm family was responsible for making its own living.
Term
Homogeneous society
Definition
society in which the people share a common ethnic and cultural background
Term
Ideograph
Definition
symbol used to express an idea such as beauty, joy, justice
Term
Sphere of Influence
Definition
area of a country in which a foreign country has special economic privileges, such as a right to build
Term
Daimyo
Definition
great samurai under centralized feudalism
Term
Samurai
Definition
warrior knights
Term
Haiku
Definition
Japanese type of poem
Term
Matsuo Basho
Definition
ranks among Japan’s greatest poets; haiku
Term
Theocracy
Definition
Nation ruled by religious leaders
Term
Refugees
Definition
people who flee their homeland to seek safety
Term
Reprisals
Definition
forceful acts in response to injury
Term
Lenin
Definition
Russian dictator who followed Marxism
Term
Dissidents
Definition
someone who speaks out against the gov’t
Term
Capitalism
Definition
free market economic system in which the means of production are owned and operated by individuals for profit.
Term
Peninsula
Definition
Land with 3 sides surrounded by water
Term
Juche
Definition
self-reliance (Korean)
Term
Kowtow
Definition
low bow expressing respect and submission to the Chinese emperor.
Term
Filial Piety
Definition
According to Chinese philosopher Confucius—the duty and respect that children owe parents
Term
Zaibatsu
Definition
Powerful Japanese family groups that founded huge business conglomerates that controlled large parts of the economy.
Term
Shogun
Definition
chief General of the Army who was the real ruler in feudal Japan
Term
Reparations
Definition
payment for damages
Term
Kabuki
Definition
form of Japanese theatre that uses elaborate stage settings, costumes, makeup; love, revenge
Term
Ayatollah Khomeir
Definition
Outspoken Islamic Cleric; angry sermons against the shah
Term
Sephardim
Definition
Jewish settlers from Eastern and Central Europe
Term
PLO
Definition
(Palestine Liberation Organization) organized by Palestine leaders to set up a Palestinian state
Term
Leon Trotsky
Definition
Russian Bolshevik leader who set up and trained the Red Army
Term
Soviets
Definition
Russians
Term
Saddam Hussein
Definition
Iraqi president who brutally silence critics and crushed opposition groups.
Term
Akira Kurasawa
Definition
Japan’s best-known movie director; The Seven Samurai
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