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1) The Boston Massacre
A) proved the importance of the British army in the colonies.
B) raised the possibility of colonial armed resistance.
C) had little effect on Anglo-colonial relations.
D) had little support from colonial leaders.
E) left fifty-three Americans dead. |
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2) Each of the following developments took place between the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party EXCEPT
A) the activities of British customs commissioners eroded the loyalty of many colonists.
B) the Quebec Act extended the boundary of Quebec southward to the Ohio River.
C) Rhode Islanders burned a British customs vessel, the Gaspee.
D) colonial protest leaders organized the committees of correspondence.
E) colonial Loyalists emerged as an identifiable group. |
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3) Samuel Adams’s role prior to 1774 can best be described as
A) pacifier.
B) compromiser.
C) genuine revolutionary.
D) pragmatist.
E) guerilla fighter. |
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4) The Tea Act of 1773 was passed in order to
A) save the East India Company.
B) raise revenue to pay royal governors’ salaries.
C) punish colonists for the Boston Massacre.
D) support the stationing of British troops in America.
E) recover revenue lost by reducing the tax on molasses. |
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5) England passed the Coercive Acts in response to
A) the colonial boycott of the Stamp Act.
B) the Boston Tea Party.
C) the American victory at Saratoga.
D) the Declaratory Act.
E) the Tea Act. |
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8) The Suffolk Resolves advocated
A) forcible resistance to the Coercive Acts.
B) the assassination of British tax collectors.
C) the formation of an American navy.
D) the repeal of the Stamp Act.
E) the formation of the Sons of Liberty. |
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9) The purpose of the continental “Association” was to
A) foster improved relations between the various colonies.
B) seek a conservative, peaceful resolution of the political crises of the mid 1770s.
C) raise money to help feed starving Indians displaced by the western settlements.
D) maintain a total boycott of all British imports.
E) raise and equip armies to fight for the American cause. |
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10) The most important responsibility facing the Second Continental Congress was to
A) convince the colonists of the necessity for war.
B) win loyalty from the Indians.
C) organize the colonies for war.
D) find a strong political leader for the nation.
E) draft the Declaration of Independence. |
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11) In December 1775, Parliament passed the ________, which declared war on American international commerce.
A) Declaratory Act
B) Prohibitory Act
C) Commerce Act
D) Tea Act
E) Trade Act |
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12) Common Sense
A) provided the colonists with a rationale for revolution.
B) acknowledged the sovereignty of the monarch.
C) criticized colonial resistance.
D) had little popularity among the colonists.
E) did not criticize all monarchs, just George III. |
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13) The author of the Declaration of Independence was
A) George Washington.
B) Benjamin Franklin.
C) Samuel Adams.
D) Patrick Henry.
E) Thomas Jefferson. |
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14) The Declaration of Independence
A) stated that all men “are created equal.”
B) blamed George III for much of the impasse.
C) was unanimously approved with no alterations.
D) both A and B
E) both A and C |
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15) During the early months of the Revolutionary War, American soldiers
A) received excellent training.
B) despaired of ever defeating the superior British army.
C) were overconfident about their chances of victory.
D) rebelled against Washington’s leadership.
E) were mentally prepared for a long, difficult fight. |
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16) Which of the following explains why England lost the war?
A) The British government did not believe it could win the war.
B) British finances could not support the war.
C) British strategists did not understand how to fight the war.
D) George III never supported the war effort.
E) British soldiers sympathized with the Americans. |
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17) The colonial militias
A) played a decisive role in several major battles.
B) kept the slave populations in line.
C) maintained political control over large areas of the colonies unoccupied by British troops.
D) consisted mainly of African Americans.
E) would sometimes switch sides if they did not get paid. |
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18) The American victory that brought about the French alliance occurred at
A) Saratoga.
B) Yorktown.
C) Breed’s Hill.
D) Philadelphia.
E) Trenton. |
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19) Essential to the establishment of a colonial alliance with the French was the work of
A) Thomas Paine.
B) John Adams.
C) John Dickinson.
D) Thomas Jefferson.
E) Benjamin Franklin. |
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20) For the British, French intervention meant
A) a change in military strategy.
B) little change in their military strategy.
C) little challenge to their empire.
D) a new ally in the war effort.
E) fighting a two-front war, both in the colonies and in Europe. |
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21) In 1779, military strategists predicted that Britain’s last chance for victory over the colonies lay in
A) a more effective use of its great navy.
B) the breaking of the French-American alliance.
C) calling on its European allies for help.
D) a successful campaign in the American South.
E) increasing the British army in the colonies by 25,000 men. |
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22) The British commander who surrendered at Yorktown in 1781 was
A) Howe.
B) Gage.
C) Cornwallis.
D) Paine.
E) Clinton. |
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24) The event depicted in the cartoon shown above is most accurately described by which of the following?
A) treatment given government revenue agents attempting to collect Hamilton’s whiskey tax in western Pennsylvania
B) punishment rendered judges and bankers by rebels in western Massachusetts during Shays’ Rebellion
C) public embarrassment extended to loyalist supporters of the King during the American Revolution
D) mob treatment of an early abolitionist
E) Connecticut’s treatment of a sinner who violated one of its “Blue Laws” |
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25) American Loyalists, who sided with the British during the War for Independence,
A) tended to be wealthy conservatives.
B) were known for their wickedness and immorality.
C) favored a strongly centralized, authoritarian form of government.
D) came from all occupations and social classes.
E) were pacifists who opposed war for any reason. |
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26) Approximately ________ Loyalists left America after the war.
A) 10,000
B) 100,000
C) 200,000
D) 300,000
E) 500,000 |
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27) Which of the following was NOT a task facing the new nation?
A) what form the new government would take
B) how political power would be distributed
C) how to ensure political equality for all
D) how to fend off French attempts to control our country
E) the division of state and federal authority |
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| 28) By 1763, there was little hope of compromise between the British government and the American colonists. |
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| 29) American Loyalists found the British to be reliable and supportive partners during the Revolutionary War. |
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| 30) American forces enjoyed considerable success in the early phases of the Revolutionary War. |
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| 31) Widespread poverty in colonial America explains much of the motivation behind the American Revolution. |
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| 32) The Battle of Yorktown brought defeat for the English. |
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| 33) In eighteenth-century Britain, Parliament had achieved political sovereignty, and even the king had become subordinate to it. |
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| 34) The Sons of Liberty virtually led a terrorist campaign against British tax collectors during the colonial agitation over the Stamp Act. |
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| 35) With the Declaratory Act, Parliament finally recognized the sovereignty of the colonial assemblies. |
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| 36) Thomas Hutchinson was the leading advocate of colonial independence in New York |
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| 37) Although most American patriots disagreed with the Loyalists, they tended to treat them with respect after the Revolutionary War. |
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1) How many states did not have to draft new constitutions, since they already had republican governments as part of their colonial charters?
A) none
B) one
C) two
D) three
E) four |
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2) An important fact about the Americans who wrote the first state constitutions was that they
A) totally rejected British traditions and ideas in creating them.
B) demanded written documents.
C) refused to include bills of rights.
D) made the constitutions vague and imprecise where basic rights were concerned.
E) followed the example of the British constitution. |
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3) Most new state constitutions after the American Revolution
A) strengthened the power of the governors.
B) weakened the power of the legislature.
C) avoided the creation of a written constitution.
D) included Declarations of Rights.
E) affirmed the freedom of speech and press but not of religion. |
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5) John Dickinson’s 1776 plan for a new United States government revolved around the concept of
A) a weak central government.
B) extremely powerful state governments.
C) unification with Canada.
D) a strong central government.
E) a centralized banking system. |
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6) The Articles of Confederation
A) gave too much power to the central government.
B) provided for state representation by population.
C) jealously guarded state sovereignty at the expense of national power.
D) created a powerful presidency.
E) changed little from first draft to final document.
7) The controversy which delayed ratification of the Articles |
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8) Which of the following was NOT a criticism of American government under the Articles of Confederation?
A) that it failed to deal with the nation’s economic problems
B) that it gave too much power to a central government
C) that it failed to adequately confront threats from Britain and Spain along U.S. borders
D) that it was unable to deal with the country’s fiscal instability
E) that its single legislative body gave some states an unfair advantage |
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9) He was considered the most important political figure of the Confederation period.
A) James Madison
B) Robert Morris
C) Alexander Hamilton
D) Benjamin Franklin
E) John Hancock |
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10) The most important accomplishment of Congress under the Articles of Confederation was its
A) disposition of the Florida border problem with Spain.
B) passage of ordinances organizing the Northwest Territory.
C) management of the nation’s financial affairs.
D) rejection of British demands for territory along the country’s borders with Canada.
E) set of rules for interstate trade and tariffs. |
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13) During the Confederation period, nationalists were people who
A) supported the Articles of Confederation.
B) believed the national government was too powerful.
C) called for major constitutional reforms that would strengthen the national government.
D) believed the states deserved more power.
E) wanted to maintain close ties to England. |
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14) The Newburgh Conspiracy involved
A) discontented officers of the Continental Army.
B) supporters of the Articles of Confederation.
C) those who believed the Articles gave too much power to the national government.
D) individuals dissatisfied with the military leadership of George Washington.
E) French soldiers who had not been paid. |
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15) The proposed Jay-Gardoqui Treaty would have
A) repealed the Articles of Confederation.
B) postponed free navigation of the Mississippi River for twenty-five years.
C) expelled British soldiers from forts in the Northwest.
D) established a military alliance with Spain.
E) paid Continental Army officers the pensions they were owed. |
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17) The most brilliant American political theorist of the post-revolutionary period was
A) James Madison.
B) George Washington.
C) John Locke.
D) John Adams.
E) Thomas Jefferson. |
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18) The most important result of the Annapolis Meeting of 1786 was
A) that it added support for the Articles of Confederation.
B) the establishment of new, more efficient trade regulations for the United States.
C) the settlement of problems involving Spain’s control of the Mississippi River.
D) the nationalists’ recommendation to Congress for a convention to revise the Articles of Confederation.
E) the growing political power and influence of James Madison. |
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19) The political cartoon shown above is a direct call for support in which of the following events in U.S. history?
A) asking colonial legislatures to pass resolutions supporting Benjamin Franklin’s Albany Plan of Union
B) radicals celebrating a series of “peoples’“ revolts in the new states to protest inflation, high taxes and interest rates culminating in Shays’ Rebellion in Massachusetts
C) abolitionists praising the organization of state chapters of the American Anti-Slavery Society and the first publication of William Garrison’s anti-slavery newspaper, The Liberator
D) encouraging states to ratify the new Constitution written at the Philadelphia Convention and listing those which had already ratified that document
E) applauding the growing list of colonies that agreed to send delegates to the Second Continental Congress |
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20) Shays’ Rebellion involved
A) discontented New England merchants.
B) western settlers demanding Indian territory.
C) supporters of freer trade with Great Britain.
D) discontented farmers in Massachusetts.
E) Continental Army officers who had been denied their pensions. |
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21) The Constitutional Convention took place in
A) 1778.
B) 1781.
C) 1787.
D) 1791.
E) 1793. |
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22) Under his intellectual guidance, the Constitutional Convention formed a new government.
A) Robert Morris
B) Alexander Hamilton
C) James Madison
D) Benjamin Franklin
E) Thomas Jefferson |
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23) An important procedural decision approved at the opening of the Constitutional Convention involved
A) publicizing the convention’s meetings and debates.
B) its refusal to allow the small states to present their plans for constitutional revisions.
C) the decision to keep deliberations as secret as possible.
D) the election of James Madison as chairman.
E) the requirement of a plurality rather than a simple majority to implement changes. |
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24) The Virginia Plan was the handiwork of
A) William Ruffin.
B) Patrick Henry.
C) Thomas Jefferson.
D) Ben Franklin.
E) James Madison. |
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26) The ________ proposed a unicameral Congress in which the states would be represented equally.
A) Virginia Plan
B) “three-fifths rule”
C) Connecticut Plan
D) Franklin Compromise
E) New Jersey Plan |
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28) The three-fifths rule concerned the issue of
A) slavery.
B) the number of branches in the national government.
C) checks and balances.
D) presidential power.
E) the number of votes required in the House to pass legislation. |
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35) The first state to ratify the new Constitution was
A) South Carolina.
B) Massachusetts.
C) Delaware.
D) New Hampshire.
E) Rhode Island. |
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36) The Federalist was a series of essays written by
A) Washington and Adams.
B) Thomas Jefferson.
C) Madison, Hamilton, and Jay.
D) Randolph and Franklin.
E) Madison, Jefferson, and Hamilton. |
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37) Federalists can be closely associated with
A) a desire to preserve the Articles of Confederation.
B) proposing that the Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution.
C) the idea of a strong central government.
D) the idea of states’ rights.
E) the early abolition movement. |
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38) A major fear of the Antifederalists was that
A) voters would be too distanced from their representatives.
B) voters would have too much direct contact and, thus, influence on their representatives.
C) voters would corrupt their national representatives.
D) national representatives would rely too consistently on local voters for their ideas and decisions.
E) the average voter was not educated enough to make good decisions. |
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39) The Constitution was ratified
A) easily in all the major states.
B) by close votes in the major states.
C) with little opposition from farmers.
D) with great opposition from artisans and merchants.
E) within eight months. |
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40) The author of the original proposal for the Bill of Rights was
A) Patrick Henry.
B) George Washington.
C) Alexander Hamilton.
D) James Madison.
E) Thomas Jefferson. |
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| 41) Under the terms of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, slavery was explicitly allowed in the Northwest Territory. |
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| 42) Most new state constitutions dramatically increased the power of state governors. |
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| 43) Most prominent political figures supported the Constitution. |
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| 44) Shays’ Rebellion demonstrated the ability of the national government to maintain order and stability in the United States. |
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| 45) After the American Revolution, several northern states abolished slavery. |
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| 46) After the American Revolution, African Americans in the North enjoyed equal treatment before the law. |
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