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World Civ Final Exam
Review for the World Civilizations Final Exam 2008
97
History
9th Grade
06/10/2008

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Cards

Term
Venezuela
Definition
Important location on Che Guevara's journey, where he noticed the extreme poverty.
Term
Soweto
Definition
Uprising in June 1976, where 500 protesting students are killed by random police shooting.
Term
Kashmir
Definition
Region of India, sharing a border with Pakistan, that has a high population of Sikhs, who demand independence from India.
Term
Red Guards
Definition
Group of civilians (mostly students) in China, that traveled around spreading Mao's teachings and ideas.
Term
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
Definition
Revolution started by Mao in order to further remove any opposition, including rival factions. Red Guards went around spreading Mao's teachings. Resulted in disruption to life, and schools and factories closed.
Term
bride burning
Definition
Problem in India where an unhappy husband burns his wife and makes it look like an accident, as a way to get out of the marriage.
Term
child labor
Definition
Abuse of children by forcing them to work, often for extremely low wages and in poor conditions.
Term
apartheid
Definition
Institutionalized racism in South Africa, that began in 1948, and strictly segregated races, while controlling labor market, movement, and giving all control to whites.
Term
imperialism
Definition
The control by one country over a large domain, in order to obtain power.
Term
colonialism
Definition
The taking of foreign lands in order to benefit the mother country, in both resources and money.
Term
totalitarianism
Definition
Total rule by a single person.
Term
femenism/femenists
Definition
Actions and events in support of women's rights.
Term
poverty/malnutrition
Definition
Lack of food/money prevalent in places such as South Africa, India, and China.
Term
suffrage/suffragettes
Definition
Right to vote.
Term
castes(varnas)
Definition
Different classes under the Hindu religion, believed to be determined by a person's karma. Lower castes are mistreated and receive fewer rights.
Term
dharma
Definition
Hindu duties and obligations.
Term
karma
Definition
Hindu law that every deed affects a person's future fate.
Term
Kshatriyas
Definition
Hindu ruling caste.
Term
Brahmins
Definition
Priestly caste in Hinduism.
Term
Pariahs (Sudras)
Definition
Hindu caste in Sri Lanka that is a lower caste.
Term
Boers/Afrikaners
Definition
People of Dutch descent living in Africa, who went to India to build a better life for themselves. Fought against Zulus and won, and then pushed further inland, removing Indigenous people from their land. Later lost Boer war against British.
Term
Afrikaans
Definition
Language of Afrikaners.
Term
White Man's Burden
Definition
Belief that it was the job of the whites to look out for the black people, and that they were doing them a favor.
Term
Sepoys
Definition
Indian troops serving in the British army, who started a rebellion when they found that their rifles were greased with pork fat.
Term
Bantus
Definition
Racial classification of black people in Africa, who were forced to live in homelands and carry passes. Given limited education and controlled through pass requirements.
Term
Australasia
Definition
Region of Oceania including Australia, New Zealand, Paupa New Guinea, and nearby islands.
Term
Mahatma
Definition
Equivalent of 'saint' in Hindu culture.
Term
Che Guevara
Definition
Revolutionary who fought for the working people, and helped Cuba institute a Communist government.
Term
Guru
Definition
Hindu instructor of enlightenment.
Term
rajah/maharajah
Definition
Sanskrit for king.
Term
Aryans
Definition
Nomadic tribal group that formed Hinduism. Came from Europe and migrated to India, bringing the vedas (scriptures)
Term
Peninsulares
Definition
Ruling class in Latin America that consisted of Spanish-born settlers.
Term
Creoles
Definition
Class of people that was Latin American born, but had Spanish ancestry. Resented Peninsulares because they had less power.
Term
Mongols
Definition
Group that conquered China and reduced the role of Confucian scholars. Gave the dynasty a Chinese name, and modernized the country.
Term
Boxers
Definition
Group secretly encouraged by Ci Xi to expel foreigners from China through force. Quickly eliminated by an international army.
Term
Mohandas K. Ghandi
Definition
Indian peace leader, who practiced Saitygraha, civil disobedience, against the Indian government, in order to gain rights for his people.
Term
Jawarlal Nehru
Definition
Indian leader who advocated industrial modernization and to produce more food. Follows a plan of nonalignment so money can be taken from any world power, and wanted a secular government.
Term
Indira Ghandi
Definition
Indian leader who dealt with Sikh issues, and denied Sikh independence. Assassinated by one of her one bodyguards, who was an angered Sikh. (Daughter of Nehru)f
Term
Nelson Mandela
Definition
First black leader of South Africa, who pressed to end apartheid. Sentenced to life in prison, but later released.
Term
Steve Biko
Definition
Creator of the ideology of Black Consciousness. Died when he was taken in for a pass violation, and was killed at Pertoria prison.
Term
Desmond Tutu
Definition
Archbishop who opposed apartheid and rejected violence. Also led the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
Term
F. W. de Klerk
Definition
Last leader of South Africa under white government, who had talks with Mandala and eventually ended up meeting Mandala's demands.
Term
P. W. Botha
Definition
Past president of South Africa, who supported apartheid and did little to improve conditions there.
Term
Simon Bolivar
Definition
Liberator who wanted a united Latin America, instead of colonies. Liberated Gran Colombia.
Term
Jose de San Martin
Definition
Creole from Argentina who gained Argentinian independence and then also helped gain independence for Chile.
Term
Donald Woods
Definition
Author who wrote the book 'Biko', the life story of Steve Biko.
Term
Henry Pu Yi
Definition
Chinese emperor who took the position at 3 years old, appointed by Ci Xi.
Term
Hernando Cortez
Definition
Conquistador who tricked Aztecs into thinking he was their god, and then took control, forcing Aztecs to do hard labor.
Term
Francisco Pizarro
Definition
Conquistador who conquered the Incas in search of gold. Won because the Incan government was in a weakened state, and Pizarro tricked an ambushed them.
Term
Mohammed Ali Jinnah
Definition
First governor general of independent India, who advocated economic development and modernization, and who remained nonaligned so funding could be taken from any side.
Term
Rajiv Ghandi
Definition
Son of Indira Ghandi and her successor. Sends troops to Sri Lanka to crush Tamil Tigers. Assassinated by a Sri Lankan bomber.
Term
Rudyard Kipling
Definition
Popular author born to a British family in India, who was an example of the imperialism and the wealth that it brought for the British.
Term
Montezuma II
Definition
Term
Ganges River
Definition
Term
Yucatan Peninsula
Definition
Peninsula where Mayans lived.
Term
Sun Yat-sen
Definition
Leader of the Guomindang who stressed nationalism, democracy, and a decent living for all Chinese. Forced out of office by the general Yuan Shikai.
Term
Mao Zedong
Definition
Leader/chairman of the Peoples' Republic of China, who used propaganda to win the support of the people. Many of his plans were unsuccessful.
Term
Cecil Rhodes
Definition
Term
Black consciousness
Definition
Liberation ideology proposed by Steve Biko, that placed an emphasis on the black people rising up over their oppressors.
Term
British East India Company
Definition
British trading company not welcome in India, that brought new ideas and standards of living to India. British were fascinated by India because it is exotic.
Term
Dutch East India Company
Definition
Term
dowry
Definition
Tradition prevalent in India, where the bride's family gives financial reward to the husband's family. Began in agrarian culture, because marrying away a daughter left one less mouth to feed. The tradition evolved into a financial burden and a way to obtain Western material goods.
Term
purduh
Definition
Ideas about social status, religion, and family life in India, limiting the role of women, and often forcing them to wear veils to hide themselves.
Term
Indian Subcontinent
Definition
Term
civil disobedience
Definition
Practice of placing the government in a lose-lose situation, in order to force them to give what people want. Used by Ghandi.
Term
discrimination
Definition
Term
suttee (sati)
Definition
Indian practice of a women ensuring that all of her husband's belongings, including herself, are cremated along with him at his death.
Term
Title IX
Definition
Term
leprosy
Definition
Disease that is not very contagious that causes loss of sens
Term
conquistadores
Definition
Conquerers that went to Latin America to claim lands for their countries.
Term
AIDS
Definition
Blood-borne illness prevalent in South Africa.
Term
Johannesburg
Definition
Term
Capetown
Definition
Term
Taliban
Definition
Party that ruled Afghanistan for several years, and enforced strict purduh upon women living there.
Term
One Child Policy
Definition
Chinese government policy to control population growth, that has left many abandoned females, due to the desire for families to have a son and the law against having another. Enforced with strict fines, lack of benefits, and forced sterilizations.
Term
Afghanistan
Definition
Term
Pakistan
Definition
Country with heavy Muslim population, that was granted independence from India.
Term
Bangladesh
Definition
Country that was formerly East Pakistan but became independent.
Term
India
Definition
Large country in South Asia that occupies its own subcontinent.
Term
Amritsar
Definition
Site of a massacre that played an important role in the independence movement. British opened fire on unarmed men, women, and children, and people reacted with revenge.
Term
New Delhi
Definition
Capital of India.
Term
South America
Definition
Term
Latin America
Definition
Term
Middle East
Definition
Term
Indus River Valley
Definition
Term
Guomindang
Definition
Chinese Nationalist party led by Sun Yatsen and Chiang Kai-shek. Anti-communist group that wanted a democratic China.
Term
Mestizos
Definition
Mixed race between Indigenous and Spanish blood in Latin America. Mainly working class.
Term
Great Trek
Definition
Movement of Boers inland into South Africa, based on several reasons such as British rule.
Term
Cuzco
Definition
Incan city located in present day Peru, that was destroyed by the Spanish.
Term
Tenochtitlan
Definition
Planned city that was capital of Aztec empire, and had an intricate network of canals.
Term
Oceania
Definition
Region consisting of Australia and Pacific Ocean islands.
Term
Great Leap Forward
Definition
Modernization effort ordered by Mao. Included division into communes and infrastructure construction. Resulted in disaster, because food production fell due to resistance by peasants.
Term
viceroy/viceroyalty
Definition
Person sent to a colony to rule.
Term
Mexico
Definition
Area once occupied by the Aztecs and settled by Spanish.
Term
population density
Definition
Average number of people living in a given area of land.
Term
Colombia
Definition
Country liberated by Simon Bolivar, from which parts split from the original Gran Colombia.
Term
Cuba
Definition
Communist country south of Florida, that was helped to communist rule by Che Guevara.
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