Early Modern Period- 

• Age spanning from 1500 to 1800’s, Major events are Columbus and his journey to America(Globalization) and the ottomans taking over constantinople(Shift towards islam)

• Middle Ages- 500 to 1500, Plague, 1100 to 1200 trade with mid east=more knowledge/ knowledge is built upon until columbus can sail, Europe  has no technology like rest of the world, 1000 years of darkness in Europe, lack of education

• - 500 to 1500, Plague, 1100 to 1200 trade with mid east=more knowledge/ knowledge is built upon until columbus can sail, Europe  has no technology like rest of the world, 1000 years of darkness in Europe, lack of education

• Silk Road- 

• Mostly overland roads from Asia with some naval routes, goes all through central Europe, prices at end of routes are high from passing of merchants hands
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• Zheng He

• Grows up muslim, puts huge military fleet together, goes for 20-30 years to africa delivering goods and rare comodities, compass is invented in china, Navigation is strong point, stopped after a few decades and chinese lose naval tech. 

• rise of the West

• - comes through trade, europe becomes the “middle man” in virtually all trade allowing for economic success, gain power through trade, Europe is motivated for a want of stuff and spice in their life, want cheaper things since everything they get passes through many merchants
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• “known world”

slave system of the OM empire

collects children as a tax

children are brought to the capitol and educated

then later take an aptitude test to determine where they fit in the slave system

Could be used for the military or royal house hold

starts the weakening of the OM empire with his marriage to Hurrem

Second most liked king in OM history

eventually mothers dont want sons to move out of the capitol> dont take provinces to govern> dont have experience to govern provinces which leads to inevitable weakening of the system

• Janissaries- 

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• Constantinople- 

 took over from the byzantines,

takes 150 years,

aided with special developed cannon from hungary,

very good place to trade,

control of the mediterranean,

crown glory of the ottoman empire

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• Sultan Mehmet II- 

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• Ottoman Empire- 

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• Atlantic slave trade-

• European contact in Africa-

• Islam in Africa- 

• plantation agriculture-

• NA sent to work silver sugar fields, very dangerous work, spanish thanks to the empiezas have huge plantations the NA farm for them 
• Slaves are sent to islands to work sugar production

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• Hybrid Culture-

• Latin American culture- 

• Mestizo-

• Used to describe someone who was of european and latin american descent, dominant group in colonizing period of latin american

• society of castas-

• allowing of marriages spanish men with indian women=new race/class, complex list of racial hierarchy emerges with pure bred spanish at the top, new society emerges ,only place in the world with mixing of cultures and people is so severe

• • Hernan Cortes- 

• spanish man that leads the spaniards through the empires of south america, thought of as a god by the aztecs, fueled by gold lust, try to spread catholocism after they rape the land

• • Aztec Empire- 

• spanish win through better weapons, small pox, hunger for gold, aztecs fight for prisoners while spanish fight to kill, neighboring tribes ally with the spanish army allowinng them a huge fighting force, after fall of incas/aztecs there is no remaining resistance in latin america

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• Encomienda-

•  repaying by the spanish govt, give out land to conquerors, K/Q still own land, you receive: control of land, indians labor, makes land become profitable, K/Q get to tax

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• Black Legend-

•  rumors of spain treating indians harshly, spanish deny, other countries out of envy and competition spread the rumors

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• Spanish colonization-

•  kill off Aztecs and Incas with:small pox, hunger for gold, rebel indian tribes, advanced weaponry, translator

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• parliamentary monarchy- 

• opposite of king louis plan of govt, takes the power out of the kings hands and severely limits what he does have

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• King Louis XIV

• -takes authority away from lords, eliminates the remains of the fuedal system, brings to rise government of absolutism and retains his power of king

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• Peace of Westphalia- 

• rules anyone can choose own religion, breaks up holy roman empire, ESTABLISHES religious freedom, Catholic church=Negative, many different protest. Beliefs, personal choice

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• Martin Luther- 

• 95 theses, scared of what he has done and hides in germany-> spreads. Mad about indulgences of the catholic churches, doesnt like chain of command in the cath system me>priest>God, he wants me>God

• Protestant Reformation-

• question catholic church, confession of sin-should be allowed to talk to God when you want, God loves you

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• Scientific Revolution-

• west becomes economically powerful,world works under natural laws, logic, slow but start to become more tech adv., shift away from rel. ->science, reveals what God has made, quit using religion to explain everything

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• Enlightenment- 

• reason, mankind can think(rationally), equality and people want to participate

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• Vernaculars- 

• written spoken language, authors want everyone to know what they are presenting, more access to their art

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• Renaissance-

•  rebirth of art and language, focus on artistic princples, Humanism, architecture, focus on the classics, nature inspires

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• colonial enclaves- 

• set up of ports all around ?, places to restock and refuel, only interested in trade, no concern of pushing for land, no one can stay in africa=malaria, interested in more profitable trade=set up enclaves so we dont have to go back to mainland

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• Battle of Lepanto-

•  Battle for mediterranean, europeans challenge ottomans for it. After win- europeans control all international trade

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• America- 

• named after a Portuguese map maker amerigo vespucchi, push for land/govt is here, land of religious freedom, starts 1^st phase of imperialism

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• Columbian Exchange-

•  old world to new:Transfer of diseases. No known dis. In NA at this time, wipes out Ind., microorganisms
• New to old:coffee, horses, gold/silver, coco, plants, corn, potatoes, provides a vast and varying amount of food, tobacco/sugar prod in mass,syphilis

• Treaty of Tordesillas-

•  1100 mile line from the east and west. Port gets robbed and only gets brazil, set up by the pope to end the fighting

• Christopher Columbus-

• - Benefits from PH(wife), knows earth is round, plans to go to India, needs funding goes to spain last, gets 3 ships. Wants money, bridges the old and new world to start the process of globalization

• (European) Age of Exploration- 

• explosion of trade and wealth for europeans, fueled by want of things, plague leaves people w/ more money, rivalry among states is prominent, every state in europe wants bragging rights, Hour glass, Cartography
• Portugal is the first to go and trade, motivated for a cheaper cost of items, strong navy from fighting muslims, go to africa a little bit and then come back, takes 100 years to get around africa, go 100 miles then sail back and make a map

• Prince Henry the Navigator- 

• wealthy, wants knowledge of navigation, assembles dream team of navigators to impart knowledge so others can learn

• Reconquista-

•  final liberation of spain from muslim control, when it finally happens start to explore although poor

The rise of the west 

globalization/ trade patterns

movements of mass amount of peoples