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a set of presuppositions which we hold about the basic makeup of our world. |
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- Is God who he is because of who I am?
- Am I who I am because of who God is
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What is the nature of reality |
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Naturalism view of ontology |
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Supernaturalism view of ontology |
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What I know and how I know |
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Epistemology -Naturalist view |
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All answers must come from with-in the system Reason |
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Epistemology-Supernaturlism view |
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Answers can come from outside the system Revelation |
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What has value What is right |
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Materialism-No standards of right and wrong Humanism-Humans establish their own standards |
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Axiology-supernaturalist view |
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Theism-right and wrong established by God and revealed in scripture |
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Purpose and goal of history |
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Teleology-naturalist view |
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Teleology-supernaturalist |
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God breaks into history History will break out of the present reality into the "Kingdom of God" |
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Supernaturalist views of ontology |
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Monotheism Dualism Polytheism |
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- Experiences
- Impressions
- Opinions
- Beliefs/convictions
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Multiple gods "soft polytheism"-(multiple god's with unique personalitys) -often in conflict with one another |
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- "gods" and "godessess" are manifesttations of one god
- all god's are one god, all goddesses are one Goddess and there is one intiator
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- world divided into two catagories
-good vs. bad - yin and yan represent the duality in nature and all things
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One God - Christianity
- Islam (allah)
- Judaism (Jehovah)
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Creative tensions in the nature of God |
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Changeless and yet he changes Transcendant and immanent -Keeps his distance yet comes close Holiness and Love -morally pure and commited to justice yet infinitely loving
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Narualism answers to ontology |
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- Atheism
- Secular Humanism
- Agnosticism
- Deism
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no supernatural being (ontology) |
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Supernatural being created the universe then "corked the vase" (ontology) |
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We don't know and we can't know (ontology) |
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God exists only as a projection of human imagination (ontology) |
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Man creates unconsciouslly creates god in his image after which god consciouslly creates man in his own image |
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Supernaturlist view -Teleology |
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God breaks into history Hitory will break out of the present reality into the "kingdom of God" |
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study of end of the world |
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History is linear (genesis-exodus) It has a beginning and end |
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an intense time of turmoil in history, just before christ returns |
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sudden appearing of Christ to gather his followers -living and dead |
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thousand year reign of christ on earth |
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William Perry's stages of intellectual development |
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- commitment
- Relativity
- Multiplicty
- Duality
- Pre-critical thinking
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child's view -everthing centere on her/his frame of referecne -other perspectives are rejected as "weird" Simplicity |
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1. Everything seen in polar opposites -true/false, right/wrong 2. Learning is accumulating facts and having right answers 3. Teachers are experts with the answers |
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-individual accepts possiblity of more than one perspective...still maintain one view more correct than others 2. learning is processing ideas 3. teachers should present options fairly without bias |
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1. student accepts the relativity of truth, sees options as equally valid, dependion on one's assumptions 2. Learning is appreciating diversity 3. students are intelligent and should challenge a teachres's wisdom |
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1. student commits to a clear position while acknowledging possiblity of other perspectives 2. learning is personal commitment, without finding absolute certainty 3. teachers serve as models of responsibility and co-learners (colleagues) with students |
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Naturalism Vs. Supernaturalists |
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rules man-made vs. standards from scripture each have own standards vs. fixed standards Standars are flexible based on will of the people vs. violation of standards is sin, break from God consequences for violations made by culture vs. sin can be forgiven by God |
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Wholistically viewing sin |
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Sinfulness rather than particular sins we are sinners, not people who happen to commit sins "we sin every day in word, thought, and deed." |
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Sin is multi-faceted different kinds of sin create different kinds of problems different sin require different kinds of remedy |
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Problem- defiance of God's will Solution-pardon and forgiveness |
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Sin as sickness -orginal sin- |
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problem-natural inclination to stray solution- cleansed heart and "new birth" |
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Problem - bondage to forces beyone our control Solution-freedom & power in christ |
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problem-unintentional acts that are displeasing to God and harmful to others Solution-God's mercy and new light from the spirit |
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1. Classical 2. modern 3. post-modern |
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Classical 1. Authority 2. Worldview 3. Concern 4. Perspective |
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1. Authority-comes from the bible 2. worldview- "i can explain world view in reference to God (or gods) 3. Concern-orthodoxy 4. Perspective-Fatalistic "everything is out of my control." |
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Modern 1. Authority 2.Worldview 3. Concern 4. Perspective |
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1. Authority-comes from reason and scientfic explanation 2. Worldview-scientific, "I can explain much of my world in referecne the laws of nature 3. Concern- liberalism, "We must be tolerant" 4. Perspective- optimisim "technolology will solve the problem." |
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Postmodern 1. Authority 2. Worldview 3.concern 4. perspective |
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1. Authority-replaced with relativism 2. worldview-theological, "I can explain the world to others and my opinion matters 3. Concern- individualism, "live and let live." 4. Perspective- Fatalistic "look out for yourself" |
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Reality may not be real False sense of community False sense of involvement False sense of truth |
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- Scripture
- Reason
- Tradition
- Experience
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"what we view as 'knowledge' is a purely human creation Postmodern |
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Postmodern every interpretation of reality, every assertion of knowledge is an assertion of power "knowledge as power" |
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Postmodernism Argued all that emerges in knowing process is the perspective of the interpreter |
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Posmodernism argued that we should give up the search for truth and be content with interpretation |
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4 responses to postmodernism |
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- Demonize it
- Baptize it
- Ignore it
- Critically engae it
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seeing post-modernity as unbiblical and atheistic |
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a way to be relevant to culture. Jesus Christ becomes "a way" among the many ways to God |
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Hoping post-modernity will go away |
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Effectively communicate the gospel, the meta-narrative, to a post-modern culture |
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Non-netotiable beliefs and positions on varied theological issues |
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Established position or body of principles held as the authoritative beliefs of a relifious organization or denomination |
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A strong belief or position held by an individual in relation to certain issues topics or practices |
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something that brings an individual a sense of pleasure or well-being |
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correct belief vs. correct practice |
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An orderly classification of a group of objects, terms, or concepts |
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6. evaluation 5. Synthesis 4. Analysis 3. Application 2. Comprehension 1. Recall |
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Remeber previously learned information |
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ability to grasp meaning of material |
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ability to use learned material in new and concrete situations |
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ability to break down material into its component parts so it's organizational structure can be understood |
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ability to put parts together to form a new whole |
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ability to judge the value of material for a definit criteria |
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