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| Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928): |
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| a multi-nation treaty, sponsored by American and French leaders, that outlawed war. |
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| Great Depression-inspired system that increased government spending to provide social insurance and stimulate the economy. |
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| President Franklin Roosevelt's program to combat economic depression. |
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| alliance of French socialist, liberal, and communist parties; won election in 1936; blocked from reform efforts by conservative opposition; fell in 1938. |
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| political ideology that became predominant in Italy and then Germany in the 1920s and 1930s; attacked the weakness of democracy and the corruption and class conflict of capitalism; promised vigorous foreign and military programs. |
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| a 20th century form of government that exercised direct control over all aspects of its subjects; existed in Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union, and other communist states. |
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| Christian Democratic movement: |
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| western European political movements after World War II; joined ideas of democratic institutions and moderate social reform. |
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| Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany): |
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| created by merging French, British, and American occupation zones. |
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| a new type of bureaucrat trained in the sciences or economics and devoted to the power of national planning; rose to importance in governments after World War II. |
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| prime minister of Britain (1979-1991); an example of the conservative leaders of the 1970s; worked to cut welfare and housing expenditures and to promote free enterprise. |
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| began by six nations as the European Economic Community (Common Market) by the 1990s incorporated most western European states. |
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| a wave of agitation for women's rights dating from about 1949; emphasized equality between sexes. |
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| Simone de Beauvoir and Betty Friedan |
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| two important leaders in the new feminism movement; authors of The Second Sex and The Feminine Mystique. |
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| British economist who stressed the importance of government spending to compensate for loss of purchasing power during a depression; influenced the policies of the New Deal and postwar European economic planning. |
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| twentieth-century art style; represented by Pablo Picasso; rendered objects as geometric shapes. |
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