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Basilica at St. Foy and Tympanum, 1120 CE, Aachen France, French
Medieval concept: Relics need structures to be housed in, therefore church architecture changes to bring in more light and soaring space during the Gothic period
Romanesque bascilica form
Tympanum: The last jugement, the saved on the right hand of god, orderly and calm and the damned on the left, writhing and disorganized. This was a message sent to pilgrims entering the church, reminding them of their purpose (to get SAVED!) |
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Chartres Cathedral, 1200 CE, Chartres, France, Early Gothic Culture
-Held the tunic the virgin wore during labor (concept of housing relics).
-It's famous for the stained glass within and "ethereal" light that shines in through them.
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The Prophet's house in Medina, 622 CE Medina, Saudi Arabia,
This private dwelling used for worship became the first mosque type. It in included a large central space and aspects like an absolution tank, quibla wall, mihrab and minbar.
Most historians argue that the sudden development of Islam transformed what started as a private dwelling into a place of wirship and government, and that that this was willed development.
Others say it's initial function was public, and that the change was due to public space aquiring private functions. |
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Mosque at Kufa, 670 CE, Kufa, Iraq
-Hypostyle, spolia used due to the availability of disused units of constructions such as columns.
-Constructed because of the need for a large congregational space in new cities
-Large courtyard for community prayer
-They are not sure if this was an accidental prototype from the prophet's house, or if it was built for this purpose.
-Ideal human's house used for ideal religious structure OR originallly designed by mohammed as a mosque
-quibla wall faces mecca
-minbar is where the imam leads prayer on friday
-mihrab is the niche in the wall where daily prayer is lead |
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Pillar at Lauriyanandangarh, Maryian dynasty 300-100 BCE, Bihar, India
-Multiple theories on how this pillar came to be there, many think that it existed before King Ashoka inscribed it describing himself as "beloved of the gods," which goes against buddhist practices against god-worship.
-Edict written is about ashokah and being an ethical person/king, also trying to show that he is for the dharma
-Some believe it was the onslaught of hellenistic influence
-Lion-Buddha, speaks the law
-Placed in marshland (mix of water and earth)
-Geese, snakes, honey suckle plants (cobras), lotus-all in-between worlders, as the pillar represents a connection between worlds (primordial water and celestial realm), "axis mundi"
-It appears to have no base but is connected to a slab placed below ground
-Tries to go BEYOND the idea of representation and BECOME the cosmic pillar, moving between representation and reality (like angor wat0 |
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Kandariya Mahadeo Temple at Khajuraho, 1050 CE, Madhya Pradesh, India
-Axial progression with different content, concerns metaphiscially reaching to greater heights-progressively heighten, element of discovery as you progress
-Vertical progression
-Likely built by Vidyadhara
-A raised solid base that is decorated with intricate mouldings
-Meant for individual experience of the divine
-Dynamic grouping of three roofs
-Stone idol at the heart of the temple=the divine=moment of ascension, or reaching the divine |
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Preah Ko (Sacred Bull), 877-889 CE, Hariharalaya, Cambodia
Funerary temple composed of about 6 brick towers in two rows of three. On a stone Plinth or platform.
Highly decorative doors-showing the crossing between worlds.
Honors members of King Indravarman's family. The front three towers are dedicated to himself, his father and his grandfather and the back three to their respective wives. The central towers bear images of the Hindu God Shiva. |
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Angor Wat, 1130-1150 CE, Cambodia, Khmer Dynasty
(longest flashcard evR...)
It was built where it is to be seen from Phnom Bakeng, the mountain built near it
-Built as a temple to Vishnu
-The patron Suryavarman II, is depicted in the scuplted scenes, he is placed among the gods.
-The central tower represents Mt. Meru, the axis of the universe, and the four supporting towers represent it's four surrounding peaks.
-Importance of water, relating to the monsoons in the region, it is surrounded by water (primordial water)
The lake around it actually gets flooded (many of the political projects taken up by kings are often irrigation projects)
-Many detailed and advanced cosmology references
-The balustrades on the causeway represent the bodies of the seven headed nagas (snakes) represent the inbetween of worlds
-The site represents the universe, a microcosom, it is structured so it moves toward transendance- yet it is part of the real world
-Includes the carving of the Churning of the Ocean of Milk-perhaps a working solar/lunar calendar?
-Is it supposed to honor the king or the diety? the king protects the diety, but who is above whom? |
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| Churning of the Ocean of Milk |
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The story of when the Devas and Asuras (sworn enemies) join together to use a giant snake (anchored on a mountain) to churn the great ocean of milk and find the ambrosia (immortanity potion) at the bottom. |
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| Where the sacrement of baptism was administered in the area surrounding the baptismal front in Christian architecture. |
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| The basin or vase used as a recepticle for the baptismal water during baptsim. |
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| A large meeting hall, often oblong in plan with a high central space lit by clerestory windows, became a type for the early Christian church in their looking for a large gathering space for worship. |
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| Apartment buildings where the lower and middle classes of romans dwelled. The ground floor was used for shops and living quarters were above. |
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| Open public space in the middle of a city used for gathering, often the place of political discussions, meetings and markets (Roman) |
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A country house, sometimes including its outbuildings and gardens
-villa rustica and villa urbana |
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A byzantine church plan based on a square and divided into 9 bays.
The center bay is a large domed square, the four corner bays are small domed or groin-vaulted squares, the remaining four bays are barrel-vaulted rectangles. |
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| An architectural representation of the axis mundi, a connection between the primordial waters and celestial realm. |
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| Finial that the lion sits upon on the ashokan pillar |
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Ringstrasse Plan, 1890, Vienna, Germany
Europe went modern without sacrificing the precious record of who they had been, this was very much going against the tide.
They tore down the ancient city walls and made a road in their place, still leaving the mark of where the wall used to be |
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Letchworth Plan, Founded 1903, Hertfordshire
Garden center-made in response to England's over industrialized, overcrowded cities
An exercise in zoning
Three magnets
A social construct-architecture meant to form society
-Attempted to capture the wholeness of pre-industrial life
-regressive, wholesome, nostalgic
-Forms were determined by convenience and health, and were made in a timeless style
"beauty need no longer be regarded as privilege, and need not be made legitimate through reference to historical detail"
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| "School of fine arts," a number of influential art schools (including architecture) in France that focused primarily on teaching classicism. |
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