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| controlled most of interior Java in the 17th century; weakness of the state after the 1670s allowed the Dutch to expand their control over all of Java. |
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| Indian troops, trained in European style, serving the French and British. |
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| the British political establishment in India. |
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battle between the troops of the British East India Company and an Indian army under Siraj-ud-daula, ruler
of Bengal; British victory gave them control of northeast India. |
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| architect of British victory at Plassey; established foundations of the Raj in northern India. |
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three districts that comprised the bulk of British ruled territories in India during the early 19th century; capitals
at Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay. |
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ruled by Indian princes allied with the Raj; agents of the East India Company were stationed at their courts
to ensure loyalty. |
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name of Britons who went to India to make fortunes through graft and exploitation; returned to Britain to live
richly. |
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| British official who reformed East India Company corruption during the 1790s. |
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| Zulu defeat of a British army; one of the few indigenous victories over 19th-century European armies. |
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Western European possessions in Africa, Asia, and the South Pacific where small numbers of
Europeans ruled large indigenous populations. |
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a type of settlement colony - as in North America and Australia - where European settlers made up the
majority of the population. |
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colonies - as South Africa, New Zealand, Algeria, Kenya, and Hawaii - where minority European
populations lived among majority indigenous peoples. |
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belief in the inherent superiority of whites over the rest of humanity; peaked in the period before
World War I. |
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| migration into the South African interior of thousands of Afrikaners seeking to escape British control. |
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independent states - the Orange Free State and Transvaal; - established during the 1850s in the South
African interior by Afrikaners. |
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British entrepreneur in South Africa; manipulated political situation to gain entry to the diamonds and gold
discovered in the Boer republics. |
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fought between the British and Afrikaners; British victory and post-war policies left African,
population of South Africa under Afrikaner control.
population of South Africa under Afrikaner control. |
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| his voyages to Hawaii from 1777 to 1779 opened the islands to the West. |
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| Hawaiian prince; with British backing he created a unified kingdom by 1810; promoted the entry of Western ideas in commerce and social relations. |
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| Hawaiian edict issued in 1848 that imposed Western property concepts; that resulted in much Hawaiian land passed to Western commercial interests. |
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