Term
| DOE, PND, edema, echo w/ LVH or RVH, hypokinesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CHF
dilated cardiomyopathy |
|
|
Term
| high output heart failure |
|
Definition
pregnancy
thyrotoxicosis
anemia
beri-beri
Paget's disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ischemic heart disease
HTN
dilated cardiomyopathy
valve disease
arrythmia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| young athlete with syncope during athletic event or practice. No physical exam abnormalities |
|
Definition
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
fatal arrythmia
get EKG or Echo |
|
|
Term
| alcoholic with DOE, heart failure |
|
Definition
| primary dilated cardiomyopathy |
|
|
Term
| alcoholic with palpitations, arrythmia |
|
Definition
| atrial fibrillation (Holiday Heart) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| atrial fibrillation or proesthetic valve tx |
|
Definition
| warfarin to INR of 2-3 for afib, 2.5-3.5 for valve. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hx of angina but no acute sx. ECG = no acute changes. what next? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| crushing CP, dyspnea, palptiations, radiation to neck or left arm |
|
Definition
angina (if lasts minutes)
AMI (if > 30 minutes) |
|
|
Term
| Constant, sharp CP worse lying down, better sitting up and leaning forward. dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pericardial effusion/tamponade
pericarditis
asthma attack
tension PTX
SVC obstruction |
|
|
Term
| electrical alternans, narrow pulse pressure, pulsus paradoxus |
|
Definition
| pericardial effusion/tamponade |
|
|
Term
| Beck's triad and what it's associated with? |
|
Definition
JVD, hypotension, muffled heart sounds
associated with pericardial effusion/tamponade |
|
|
Term
| pericarditis post open heart surgery |
|
Definition
Dressler's syndrome. Tx with ASA.
Indomethacin or another NSAID = 2nd choice. |
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|
Term
| sudden onset ripping, tearing CP, diminished pulses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| flank pain, hypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass. dx? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| EKG chagnes, N/V, yellow-green visual disturbances. dx? |
|
Definition
| digoxin toxicity (hypokalemia will make worse) |
|
|
Term
| Hx of CHF on diuertic and digoxin |
|
Definition
| suspect digoxin toxicity due to hypokalemia from the diuretic |
|
|
Term
| grossly elevated blood pressure with signs of EOD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HTN tx with meds, SE = cough or angioedema. what med? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| best medication for tx of DM and HTN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx of choice for heart failure, LVH |
|
Definition
| ACEI (improves survival, prevents development of failure sxs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SE of tx of HTN with an alpha-blocker |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HTN not responsive to basic meds |
|
Definition
| think secondary HTN (most likely renal artery stenosis - infrarenal artery) |
|
|
Term
| mechanical valve or prosthesis about to undergo dental, GU, GI, or ortho procedure. what do you do? |
|
Definition
bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis
tx for strep viridans |
|
|
Term
| IVDA with new murmur, dx? |
|
Definition
| bacterial endocaritis (strep viridans) |
|
|
Term
| elderly with systolic murmur |
|
Definition
| aortic stenosis (due to calcifications - age related, or bicuspid valve - congenital) |
|
|
Term
| diamond shaped, blowing systolic murmur. May have angina, syncope, CHF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| laterally displaced PMI, canon 'a' waves, Quincke's pulse, Corrigan's pulse, Austin flint murmur, deMusset's sign, water |
|
Definition
| Aortic Regurg/Insufficiency |
|
|
Term
| subungal capillar pulsation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pulse with rapid rise and fall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| low pitch mid-systolic murmur at apex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diastolic murmur heard best at apex without radiation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| systolic ejection murmur heard best at base with radiation to left clavicle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| female or post MI, systolic murmur heard best at apex preceded by click without radiation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| systolic murmur heard best at apex with radiation to left axilla (apical systolic) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| new murmur after MI (especial if apical systolic) |
|
Definition
| mitral regurg caused by papillary muscle rupture |
|
|
Term
| murmur and hx of rheumatic heart disease. Dx? |
|
Definition
mitral stenosis
tricuspid stenosis |
|
|
Term
| continuous harsh, machine-like murmur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cyanotic infant with systolic thrill at LSB, systolic ejection murmur +/- click |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| holosystolic murmur at LSB, may have ventricular hypertrophy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| infant with dyspnea, difficulty feeding, holosystolic murmur at LSB, 3rd ICS. LVH & RVH |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| peds with leg pain after physical activity, abnormal heart sounds, unequal UE & LE pulses, rib notching |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| short PR, wide QRS, delta wave |
|
Definition
| wolf-parkinson-white syndrome |
|
|
Term
| what medication should be avoided with wolf-parkinson-white (WPW)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| young female (<30yo), palpitations, long arms & fngers, pectus excavatum, ectopic lentis, flexible joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cardiac abnormalities associated with Marfan's syndrome |
|
Definition
| MVP, aortic regurg, aortic dissection, aortic root dilatation |
|
|
Term
| LE rubor, no hair, brittle nails, pallor on elevation, calf or LE pain esp with walking short distances, relieved with rest or at PM |
|
Definition
arterial insufficiency/PAD
Intermittent claudication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LE pain after long periods of standing, dilated tortuous veins |
|
Definition
varicose veins
tx = compression stockings |
|
|
Term
| trendelenberg tst of the extremities tests for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blue extremities worse with cold exposure, improves with warming |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rapid, deep, labored breathing |
|
Definition
| Kussmaul respirations - DKA, metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
| deep breathing alternating with apnea |
|
Definition
| Cheyne-Stokes respirations - heart failure, brain damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infections - lung abscess, TB |
|
|
Term
| apical infiltrates, dry cough |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pleural thickening on CXR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ground glass appearance on CXR |
|
Definition
| asbestosis (ship builders, building demolition) |
|
|
Term
| reticular to nodular pattern on CXR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| granulomas or inflammation of alveoli, small bronchi, and small blood vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dyspnea after surgery, travel, LE fx. May also have calf pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lung scan with perfusion defects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| venous stasis, vessel wall injury, hypercoagulability |
|
Definition
| Virchow's triad of DVT/PE |
|
|
Term
| pediatric with barking cough, stridor |
|
Definition
viral croup - laryngotracheobronchitis.
tx = racemic epi, glucocorticoids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lower respiratory FB
asthma |
|
|
Term
| pediatric drooling, sniffing position, tripod, toxic appearing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| steeple sign on neck xray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| premature infant with respiratory disress |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| preemie CXR with hypoexpansion, air, bronchograms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| smoker, chronic productive cough. NO hemoptysis or weight loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hyperinflation on CXR, tear drop heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| wheezing, prolonged expiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| airway edema, eosinophils, neurtrophils, lymphocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fever, cough, sputum. Crackles, decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, + egophony, pectoriloquy. CXR = infiltrates or consolidation |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| >35 yo with PNA, rusty colored or yellow-green sputum. acute onset F/C |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| <35 yo, college student. fever, cough, +/- sputum, chills, muscle aches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PNA w/ DM, immunocompromised, ETOH, currant color sputum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PNA w/ water, late summer, construction site. Diarrhea, toxic appearing |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| PNA from nursing homes, chronic care facility. Purulent sputum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PNA & HIV, AIDS, immunocompromised. Sx out of proportion to exam, diffuse interstitial and alveolar infiltrates |
|
Definition
pneumocystis jerovecci (formally PCP)
DOC = TMP-SMX |
|
|
Term
| PNA & HIV, AIDS, immunocompromised. Sx out of proportion to exam, diffuse interstitial and alveolar infiltrates |
|
Definition
pneumocystis jerovecci (formally PCP)
DOC = TMP-SMX |
|
|
Term
| PNA & decreased mental status, poor dental hygiene, dentures, foul smelling sputum, bronchiectasis. Patchy infiltrates in dependent lung zones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pediatric w/ hx of recurrent lung infections, pancreatitis, reproductive problems, FTT |
|
Definition
| cystic fibrosis (staph and pseudomonal infections are usually the cause of death) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cystic fibrosis with PNA, causative agent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| < 2 days post op with fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stab wound, hyperresonance to percusion, decreased breath sounds, tympany |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stab wound, dullness to percussion, decreased breath sounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tall, skinny male, band student, acute onset one-sided chest pain, dyspnea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stab wound to chest, hypotension, tracheal shift |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| poor sleeping, obese, daytime fatigue & drowsy, snoring, HTN, PM wakening |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| s/p thoracic trauma, mutiple rib fractures. chest wall moves in with inspriation and out with expiration |
|
Definition
flail chest
tx = pain control, incentive spirometry, pulmonary toilet, intubation) |
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