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proof based on speakers credibility (trust-worthiness, expertise, and good will) |
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is proof that appeals to listeners emotions |
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based on logic and reasoning |
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believed truth could be discerned from careful observations of reality, important to deal with realities, view of truth was related to his belief that rhetoric is central to civic life in a democratic society. taught citizens 5 canons of rhetoric |
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taught by Aristotle. Invention, organization, style, memory, and delivery. |
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Quantitative Research method |
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to gather information in numerical form, 3 different ways. Measuring human behavior in terms of quantity, frequency, or amount. Gather info through surveys, instruments, questionnaires, or interviews that measure how people feel, think, act, and so forth. And through experiment. |
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Qualitative Research Method |
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Provides non-numerical knowledge about communication. valuable when researchers want to study aspects of communication that cannot easily be quantified, such as the meaning of experience, the function of rituals in organizational life, and how we feel about and engage in online communication. 3 methods to qualitative research: textual analysis, ethnography, and historical research. |
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scholars identify and challenge communication practices that oppress, marginalize, or otherwise harm individuals and social groups. aims to change society. |
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studying phenomena in multiple ways. |
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Intrapersonal communication |
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communication with ourselves, or self-talk. cognitive process that occurs inside us. |
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Interpersonal communication |
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communication between people. a continuum that ranges from quite impersonal (btwn you and parking lot attendant) to highly interpersonal (btwn you and your bff). |
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sub-area of Public communication. focuses on how to build effective arguments by using sound reasoning and strong evidence and developing ideas in ways that respond to listeners beliefs concerns and goals. |
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sub-area of Public communication. interest in how politicians connect or fail to connect with voters, how political campaigns succeed or falter, how social movements build awareness of issues such as the environment, and how rhetorical skills influence the process of policy making. |
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general term for understandings about the organization's identity and codes of thought and action that members of an organization share. |
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Intercultural Communication |
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increases insight into different cultures' communication styles and meanings. research on different social communities within a single society. |
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branch of philosophy that focuses on moral principles and codes of conduct. What is right? What is wrong? What makes something right or wrong? |
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Unifying Themes in the Communication Field |
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Symbolic activities, meaning, and ethics. |
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Symbols - symbolic activities |
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bsis of language, thinking, and nonverbal communication. They are arbitrary, ambiguous, and abstract representations of other phenomena. to name, evaluate, reflect on, and share experiences, ideas, and feelings |
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