Term
| Describe the levels of circulating LH and FSH at birth and at puberty |
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Definition
| elevated at birth, but fall to low levels within a few months and remain low until puberty |
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Term
| menarche occurs about ______/______ after breast budding |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a possible cause of a young girl with pubic hair but no breast development? |
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Definition
| lack of ovaries. breast development is estrogen depended, no ovaries--no breasts |
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Term
| Define precocious puberty |
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Definition
Any of these signs occurring before 7 or 8 yoa:
-breast development
-pubic or underarm hair development
-rapid height growth
-onset of menstruation
-acne
-"mature" body odor |
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Term
| What are the causes of precocious puberty? |
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Definition
-majority of girls: no underlying medical problem
-could be due to brain tumor, brain injury, brain infection, or a problem in the ovaries or thyroid gland
-in boys it is more likely to be associated with an underlying medical problem |
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Term
| Define delayed puberty in boys and girls. |
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Definition
-girls: no breast development by 13 yoa OR no menses by 3 years after breast development (or by age 16)
-boys: no testicular enlargement by 14 yoa |
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Term
| What is the warning sign of a big problem in delayed puberty? |
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Definition
if some aspects of physical development are delayed, and others are not
(a girl reaching stage 3 pubic hair without any breast development) |
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Term
| In delayed puberty, poor growth could suggest what two problems? what would a reduced sense of smell signal? |
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Definition
-hypopituitarism or turner syndrome
-kallmann syndrome |
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Term
| Describe Kallmann syndrome. What type of genetic disorder is it? What does it affect? |
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Definition
X linked recessive
decreased GnRH= decreased LH |
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Term
| What is a wet prep? What are the 2 steps |
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Definition
-vaginal secretions obtained during exam
-examined under HPF looking at cell health, as well as pathogens such as trichomoniasis
-KOH applied to slide to allow visualization of hyphae (candidiasis)
-if there is a strong fishy odor when the KOH is applied, "positive whiff test" and is indicative of BV (can also be for trichomoniasis) |
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Term
| what type of cells are seen with BV? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is seen on a wet prep slide with candidiasis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two topical treatment options for genital warts? |
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Definition
-podofilox 0.5% solution or gel
-imiquimod 5% cream |
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Term
| What are the four provider applied treatments for genital warts? |
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Definition
-cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen or cryoprobe
-podophyllin resin 10-25%
-trichloroacetic acid (TCA) or bichloroacetic acid (BCA) 80-90%
-surg |
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Term
| What is colposcopy, cone biopsy, leep biopsy, and dilation and currettage? |
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Definition
-examination of cervix using microscope
-removal of cone shaped portion of the cervix for biopsy
-removes section of cervix for biopsy
-opens the cervix and uses a curette to scrape out the uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| they are made of hormones that prevent ovulation (estrogens, progesterones, or combos). The hormones cause changes in the cervical mcuus and the lining of the uterus. The cervical mucus thickens, which blocks the sperm from entering the cervix. The lining of the uterus thins. |
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Term
| What is the catch to progestin only pills? Who are they appropriate for? |
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Definition
-they are less effective than combined and they must be taken at the same time each day
-they are appropriate for women who cannot take pills with estrogen (breast feeding, hx of blood clots, women with side effects on combined pills) |
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Term
| Emergency contraception must be taken within how many days of unprotected sex? Who should it always be offered to? |
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Definition
-5 days
-sexual assault victims |
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Term
| Give an example of an implantable (dermal) method of contraception. how does it work? |
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Definition
-implanon
-provides a steady low dose of progestin that suppresses ovulation |
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Term
| Describe birth control patches. |
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Definition
-estrogen/progestin combo
-same side effects as OCPs
-may not work in women over 198 lbs!
-same contraindications as OCPs
-release more than 60% more estrogen than OCP's, and therefore has a much higher risk of estrogen-related complications (blood clots)!! |
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Term
| IUDs are only appropriate for women in __________/__________. why? WHAT ARE The two types? |
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Definition
monogamous relationships
-stds can be more serious for women and cause permanent infertility
-one with progestin, one with copper tips |
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Term
| What is the pregnancy rate of men who have been sterilized? |
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Definition
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Term
| What statistically increases the risk of later regret for someone who has undergone sterilization? |
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Definition
| younger age at time of sterilization |
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