Seen not heard, deaf and dumb,

passive and dependent,

focus on right and wrong,

families full of violence and chaos.

Words are central to knowing,

learn by listening and assume truth comes from authorities,

intolerant of ambiguities and paradoxes,

belief in absolute truths,

awed by but not strongly affiliated by authorities,

energy goes toward self-care and care of others.

Moved to this phase by two events: 1. first event causes distrust of male authority and 2. second event causes self-trust,

Value gut or firsthand experience,

embrace multiple truths

Distrust of outside (authority figure) knowledge and self-knowledge, interest in form over content.

Includes:

Separate knowers - analytical and separate the self.

Connected knowers - learn through empathy with others.

Those in the constructed knowledge category have integrated the subjective and procedural ways of knowing.

Can tolerate ambiguity,

feel responsible for examining and questioning systems,

knowledge is constructed from without and within.