Term
The Placenta
Is connected to the growing embryo
Allows oxygen and nutrient to pass from mother to embryo
Is connected to the fallopian tube
Manufactures hormones |
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| Only ___ of pregnant women in developed countries of the world receive prenatal care. In developing countries, that percentage is even lower. |
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| During pregnancy women experience very similar emotions during the 9 months |
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| Surveys suggest that 70% to 90% of all pregnant women experience nausea |
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| A woman’s self-image may deteriorate as she grows bigger |
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Term
Pregnant Women
This term often makes women see themselves as… |
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Definition
This term often makes women see themselves as…
Having no identity aside from pregnant |
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Definition
Or unintended termination of pregnancy, before the fetus is developed enough to survive after birth
An estimated 15% of pregnant teens in the U.S. experience a miscarriage
Women will experience extreme grief about this loss; others a sense of relief or else mixed emotions |
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| The more subtle kind of sexism, argues for women’s special niceness and purity |
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| The more blatant kind of sexism, is based on the idea that women should be subservient to men and should “know their place” |
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| When the women inquired about a job and was pregnant employees displayed more of what type of sexism? |
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| When the women asked for help with a gift and was pregnant employees displayed more of what type of sexism? |
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Uterus contractions occur about every 5 minutes; dilation of the cervix increases to about 10 cm
Contractions move baby down and progesterone levels begin to drop; the stage ends when the baby is born
The placenta separates and is expelled; levels of estrogen and progesterone drop |
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Definition
| a woman experienced in childbirth present through labor and delivery |
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| Currently ___ of all deliveries in the U.S. and ___ in Canada are preformed by cesarean section. C-sections may be necessary, however they carry health risks for both mother and baby. |
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A preterm birth is defined as less than 37 weeks’ gestation, and a preterm birth places a child at risk for medical complications.
Woman who are at risk for preterm births are… |
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Poorly educated
overly thin
Black |
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Education about pregnancy and childbirth, to reduce fear and dispel myths
Relaxation techniques and exercises designed to strengthen muscles
Controlled breathing techniques, which distract attention away from pain
Social support throughout childbirth from the baby’s father, mother’s partner, or a person trained as a caregiver. |
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The physician should not artificially induce labor simply because it is more convenient
Women should have special birthing rooms to make the experience more pleasant
A supportive family member, friend, or doula should be present
Women should move around during labor
Hospital birth practices that have no health benefits should be modified
Anesthetics should not be used unless necessary or desired
Health-care providers must be empathic individuals who can encourage women’s sense of empowerment |
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Our society really values money, power, and achievement - rather than motherhood
Child care is physically exhausting, and sleep deprivation is common
Roughly 35% of all infants in the U.S. are born to unmarried mothers
Father who do live in the same home usually help much less than mothers had expected
For several weeks after birth, women feel dirty or are in pain
New mothers seldom have training for the tasks; they often report feeling incompetent
Pregnant women often create a vision of a smiling baby; babies cry much more than parents expect
Mothers of newborns may have little contact with other adults since mothering is done at home
Her romantic partner may feel neglected as attention has shifted to the newborn
Women feel disappointed in themselves because they do not match the standards of an ideal mother |
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Term
Infant mortality Rate-
The annual number of deaths prior to the first birthday, per 1,000 live births.
The U.S. rates ___ out of 15 countries that all have a reasonably good health-care system, and their infant mortality rates range between 3 and 7 deaths per 1,000 infants. |
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Average # of kids
White
Black
Asian
Native American
Latina |
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The largest number of lesbian mothers became so how?
According to one estimate, about 40% of U.S. lesbian couples are raising children.
According to studies children raise in homosexual households are similar in characteristics such as intelligence, development, self-esteem, psychological well-being, popularity with peers, and positive feelings about their family.
Had a child in a heterosexual relationship and later identified themselves as lesbian |
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| The most common kind of problem; a short-lasting change in mood that usually occurs during the first 10 days after childbirth. Roughly ___ of new mothers in North America experience postpartum blues. Common symptoms are crying, sadness, insomnia, irritability, anxiety, and feeling overwhelmed. |
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| Also called postnatal depression is a more intense and serious disorder, typically involving feelings of extreme sadness, fatigue, sleep disturbances, despair, and feelings of guilt. Usually begins to develop within __ months after childbirth, and may last for many months. Affects about __ to ___ of women who have given birth. |
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| Klein and colleagues (1998) found that the length of the women’s maternity leave- before returning to work- was or was not correlated with mental health measures? |
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| Compared the mental health of three groups of women: homemakers, women employed part time; and women employed full time. One year after childbirth did these three groups differ on measures of depression, anxiety, anger, or self-esteem? How? |
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| Are women who are engaged in more than one role in better or worse physical and psychological health than women who have only one role? |
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Definition
| better physical and psychological health |
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| In the U.S. about ___ of women will never have children. |
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Parenthood is an irrevocable decision
Some women and men are afraid they won’t be good parents
Some couples realize that they genuinely do not enjoy children
Some couples are reluctant to give up a satisfying and flexible lifestyle
Children can interfere with educational and vocational plans
Raising children can be expensive
People can spend time with other people’s children, without having their own
Some couples don’t want to bring children into a world threatened by overpopulation, war, terrorism, and other serious global problems. |
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Parenthood offers a lifelong relationship of love with other human beings
Parents have a unique chance to be responsible for someone’s education and training
Parents can watch their children grow into socially responsible adults who can help the world become a better place
Parenthood is challenging
Through parenting, people can fulfill their relationship with their spouse, and become a “family”
Children can be a sources of fun, pleasure, and pride |
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Term
The failure to conceive after _____ of sexual intercourse without using contraception.
As estimated __ to __ of couples in the U.S. are infertile. |
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Research suggest that women who are infertile show higher levels of distress and anxiety than fertile women
About half of couples who seek medical treatment will eventually become parents
Women of color often struggled with racist health-care providers who seemed astonished they were infertile (infertility is a “White thing”) |
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