Term
| What are the commonalities of Ryan and Tyler? |
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Definition
Failure to conform to social norms (A-!)
Indications of impulsivity, aggressiveness, and irresponsibility (A-3,4,6)
Both meet criteria for B, C, D
Therefore both would meet criteria for antisocial personality disorder |
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Term
| Cleckley: Lack of remorse or shame |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Having delusion of something that is not there |
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Term
| Cleckley Superficial charm and intelligence |
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Definition
Make a positive first/ear;y impression
Agreeable, alert, friendly
Shows to be Intelligent |
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Term
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Definition
a philosopher and student of Aristotle.
Talked about antisocial personalities.
The Unscrupulous Man corresponds with our current conception of antisocial personality. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stressed the lack of ability to regulate impulses, suggested inborn tendencies that were modulated during development |
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Term
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Definition
Rooted interactions between children and caregivers.
Early bonds formed have great impact on child's life after.
Quality of infant caregiver relations in the first 12 months, warmth and sensitivity = secure attachment
Insecurity and intrusiveness = anxiety, cold and detached mother = detached child
May affect personality and later relationships |
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Term
| Why is assessment important? |
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Definition
Classification/ diagnosis
Informs management/treatment
Predictive Value- Outcome,Recidivism
Research may help inform etiological Mechanisms
Informs Prevention |
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Term
| What does the BIS inhibit in the BAS stimuli? |
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Definition
| The BIS inhibits the BAS activated behavior response in response to stimuli that signal response contingent punishment. |
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Term
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Definition
8 Characteristics
Positively correlated with clinical rationing of psychopathy and negatively correlated with measures of empathy and anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
Semi-structured interview and collateral information (FILE data)
Data from both components is based on a three point scale ranging from 0 (def false) to 1 (sometimes) to 2 (def true)
Results are summed and a cut off score of 30 is required to meet criteria. |
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Term
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Definition
given pathways can have a variety of outcomes.
Single sources different results
Same beginning point but branches out to different end points, outcomes.
Example: tow children exposed to death of a parent at age 9 could have different outcomes. |
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Term
| What are the commonalties between John and Bill? |
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Definition
Both present with conduct disorder
Repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior iin which the basic of other or major age appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. |
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Term
| Why does Tyler present with psychopathy? |
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Definition
Lack or remorse and guilt.
Insistence on innocence despite strong evidence to contrary
Lack of stable employment
Lack of stable meaningful relationships
Contradictions statement with no apparent concerns of being caught |
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Term
| What is the Rorschach test? What are the scores and results? |
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Definition
10 Inkblot Cards
Developed by Hermann Rorschach, Swiss Psych
Based on popular parlor game at turn of century in Europe
Performance based test
Respondents report what each blot looks like
All verbalizations are recorded and scored
Scoring is complex and based
Attachment Deficits were observed in:
88% of Conduct Disorder(CD) in Children
86% CD adolecents
71% of APD female inmates
91% of APD male inmates who were also primary psychopaths
Findings for anxiety variable were less conclusive |
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Term
Constraint
(Tellegen's Three Factor Model) |
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Definition
| Ability to control impulses |
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Term
| What is OCEAN? Who was it developed by? How was it measured? |
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Definition
Openness, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Extraversion, Neuroticism.
Developed by Costa and McCrae
Uses a 5-pint Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, to strongly agree |
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Term
| Cleckley: Failure to follow any major life plans |
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Definition
| Cannot follow a life plan, fails in life. |
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Term
| Cleckley: Poor judgement and failure to by experience |
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Definition
| Despite the strong rational thought process, there are problems with judgement |
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Term
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Definition
Will give the sense of being reliable
Over time it is apparent that the is a lack of responsibility |
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Term
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Definition
Accepted Pinel's notion of "maine sans delire," but added a moral tone, "moral insanity."
Argued that these behaviors signified a reprehensible defect in character that deserved social condemnation |
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Term
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Definition
America, early 1800's
Defects in "passion and affect"- moral tone. "Moral Depravity" |
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Term
| Why is Cleckley important? What did he do? What sample did he work on? |
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Definition
First to develop psychopathy 60 years ago. Introduced 16 signs of a psychopath. Psychiatrist working in Veteran's hospital on southeast coast of the US.
Analyzed 857 new admissions from2/9/35 to 6/12/36 from WWi and Spanish American War.
Published Mask of Sanity in 1941 based on this period
Major impact on the way we think of psychopathy and influenced subsequent research, especially Hare.
Of 857 sample, 102 were diagnosed as having a psychopathic personality, Cleckley estimated that the actually number was 169 |
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Term
| Cleckley: Untruthfulness and Insincerity |
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Definition
Disregard for truth
Can lie without qualms |
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Term
| What are some findings in psychopaths? |
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Definition
No discrimination between reward and punishment
Slow electrodermal recovery
Longer recovery to baseline levels
Reduced Arousal
Little to no anxiety
Hard for them to recognize fear or sadness |
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Term
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Definition
Conditioned responses
Conditioned stimulus affect representation associations (ex: fear or the exception of reward)
Show no startle response with positive pictures but show negative response with positive picture. |
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Term
| Cleckley: Fantastic and uninviting behavior with drink and sometime without |
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Definition
| Behavior occurs in the absence of inebriation |
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Term
| What are factor 2 traits for Hare? |
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Definition
Need for stimulation/risk taking
Parasitic Lifestyle
Poor Behavioral Controls
Early Behavioral Problems
Juvenile Delinquency
Impulsivity
Lack of realistic long term goals
Revocation of Conditional Release
Criminal Versatility |
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Term
| Behavioral Inhibition System |
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Definition
| Inhibits behavior in response to stimuli that signal a punishment if someone engages in a particular behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to constellation of traits emotional: affective, behavioral, that may or may not be associated with criminal activity |
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Term
| Why doesn't bill exhibit psychopathy? |
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Definition
Shows remorse
Apologizes for wrong doings
Enjoys playing with classmates
Expresses love towards sister
Self-Deprecating |
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Term
| Behavioral Activating System |
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Definition
| Activates behavior in response to stimuli that signals response contingent reward. It activates behavior in response to stimuli that signal behaving in a certain way to get a reward |
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Term
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Definition
Constitutional affective deficit, often acts purposefully to maximize gain/excitement.
Impulsive, agressive, hostile, extraverted, self confident, low anxiety |
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Term
Positive Emotionality
(Tellegen's three factor model) |
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Definition
| Ability to be positively engaged with people and the world around them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involved in executive processes like planning, organization, behavioral control. |
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Term
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Definition
10 Characteristics
Impulsive, antisocial component of psychopathy, positively correlated with DSM_IV axis and dx, criminal behavior and measures of antisocial. |
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Term
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Definition
Behavior is motivated by interpersonal beliefs
Central to a coercive style ( and therefore psychopathy) are concerns about power and status, interpersonal rejection or avoidance of intmacy. |
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Term
| What are the psychoanalytical theory's of psychopathy? Who were the theorist? |
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Definition
Psychoanalytic theorist (August Aichorn, Wilhelm Reich, Karl Abraham and Franz Alexander) stressed that psychopathy was an inability to control unconscious forces due to a defective superego.
The psychopath is fixated at lower levels of development, has unresolved oedipal conflicts, and a deeply narcissistic personality.
The psychopath’s conduct is an unconscious effort to obtain punishment in order to expiate and gain relief from (unconscious) feelings of guilt.
The one who indulged in bisexuality (simple psychopath) was guiltless, whereas the one who feared their bisexuality was symptomatic and neurotic. |
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Term
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Definition
| One outcome may have been the result of many different paths. Different starting points leading to the same outcome. People who commit violent crimes can have a wide variety of backgrounds, social economic experiences. |
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Term
| Cleckley: Suicide rarely carried out |
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Definition
| Usually immune from this act. |
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Term
| Cleckley: Sex life impersonal, trivial, and poorly integrated |
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Definition
| Lack of personal significance, meaning usually related to physical contact, free of emotional connection |
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Term
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Definition
a psychiatrist identified the “morally insane”. In his psychiatry textbook, in 1904, he identified 4 types with features that were very similar to what we today refer to as antisocial personality disorder.
Morbid liars and swindlers – glib and charming, but lacking in inner morality and a sense of responsibility to others.
Criminals by impulse – individuals who engaged in crimes such as arson, rape, kleptomania, and were unable to control their urges
Professional criminals – neither impulsive, not undisciplined, but appeared well mannered and socially appropriate, but were inwardly calculating, manipulative and self-serving.
Morbid Vagabonds – strongly disposed to wander throughout life, never take firm root, lacking in both self-confidence and ability to undertake adult responsibilities. |
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Term
| Why does John exhibit psychopathic tendencies? |
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Definition
does not demonstrate sincere behaviors
highly manipulative
cruelty to animals
Lack of genuine friends
Tries to harm mother
Boastful about his abilities
Grandiose perception of self. |
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Term
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Definition
| Noted a form of psychopathology where patients would engage in impulse and self-damaginf acts, despite intact reasoning abilities and awareness of their behavior. He called this "maine sans del ire" (Insanity Without Delirum) |
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Term
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Definition
Effective disturbance based on learning acts in response to strong negative emotions
Reacts to the environment
Will occasionally manifest "higher human emotions such as empathy or desire for acceptance.
Hostile, impulsive, aggressive, socially anxious, withdrawn, moody, low self esteem |
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Term
| What are Cleckley's 16 personality traits of psychopathy? |
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Definition
Superficial charm
Unreliability
Untruthfulness
Lack of remorse or shame
Inadequately motivated antisocial behavior
Poor judgement
Pathologic egocentricity
General poverty in major affective reactions
Specific loos of insight
Unresponsive in general interpersonal relations
Fantastic and uninviting behavior
Suicide rarely carried out
Sex life inpersonal
Failure to follow life plan
No delusions
Absences of Nervousness |
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Term
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Definition
Ferguson, Rule, Novaco, & Zillman)
Aggression is initiated by cognitive appraisals of threat and attribution of malevolence towards others.
This suggest that the callous indifference towards others is due to cognitive interpretations and interpersonal/world beliefs rather than affective (emotional) deficits. |
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Term
| Exner System (rorschach test) |
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Definition
| Standardized procedure for administration and scoring |
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Term
| Cleckley: Absence of Nervousness and Psychonuerotic manifestations |
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Definition
| Usually no symptoms to suggest neurosis or anxiety |
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Term
| What are the traits of factor 1 for Hare? |
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Definition
glibness and superficial charm
grandiosue sense of self worth
pathological lying
conning and manipulative
lack of remorse and guilt
shallow affect
callouss indifference to other/lack of empathy
failure to take responsibility for one actions |
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Term
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Definition
Psychoticism: Egocentricity, interpersonal coldness and disconnected, lack of empathy and impulsiveness.
Extraversion: Sociability and agency
Neuroticism: emotional stability and adjustment versus instability (emotional distress)
Eysenck proposed that these underlying these factors were distinct biological systems.
N – sympathetic nervous system, E- cortical arousal, P-hormonal (testosterone) |
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Term
| Cleckley: Absence of delusions and other signs of irrational thinking |
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Definition
| free from signs and symptoms of psychosis-rational thought process, lack of a thought disorder |
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Term
| What is the MMPI? What is the MMPI scores and results? |
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Definition
Narrowed down to 556 questions, answer T/F
First version published in 1940
Current version is the MMPI-2 and MMPI-RF.
Adolescent version MMPI-A
9 Validity scales, 10 clinical scales, 15 content, scales, 20 supplementary scales, 5 PSY-5, 9 restructured clinical
One of the first measures to systematically incorporated scales to detect response bias and improve accuracy
by Hathaway and McKinley
Clinical scales – 10 (psychopathology)
Validity scales – to determine response bias
Looked at elevations (scores > 65T) |
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Term
| What diagnosis is related to psychopathy? |
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Definition
| antisocial personality Disorder |
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Term
Negative Emotionality
(Tellegen's Three Factor Model) |
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Definition
| Tendency to experience negative emotions or tendency to react under stress |
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Term
| Difference Between Psychopathy and Sociopathy |
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Definition
Sociopaths chronically violate the law
Psychopaths are very manipulative: appear to be charming, exciting and they can hide the person who they are underneath
Sociopaths are act out spontaneously , are easily reactive, they tend to be nervous, disorganized , lack planning skills
Sociopaths are more likely to fringe out of society where psychopaths can be found in places of power
Psychopaths lack guilt, remorse, consciene and are self serving. Sociopaths may have the capacity for these things based on subcultures and norms. |
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Term
| Cleckley: Unresponsive in general interpersonal relationships |
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Definition
| Does not demonstrate the normal responsiveness to kindness or trust. |
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Term
| Cleckley: Inadequately motivate antisocial behavior |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is psychopathy important? |
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Definition
been linked to serious criminal offending activities.
Robert Hare argues that individuals who meet criteria for psychopathy are responsible for more that 50% of serious crimes committed.
Child molesters and sexual offenders with high psychopathy scores are at increased risk for reoffending.
In extreme populations (e.g. serial killers), there is a high comorbidity of psychopathy and sadistic personality.
Therefore, antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy function as a general predictors of sexual and violent recidivism. It is an important predictor of violent criminal behavior.
Psychopathy is an important psychological construct.
Research has demonstrated that highly temporally stable, pervasive patterns of antisocial and aggressive behaviors originating in early childhood that continue into adulthood are particularly linked to many criminal activities and high recidivism rates.
It is an important predictor of outcome (failure on conditional release and violent recidivism).
It has a poor prognosis (associated with a poor treatment response)
It seems to define a “human condition” that is so oddly “inhuman” (or does it?) |
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Term
| What does the Behavioral activation (BAS) and behavioral inhibition system (BIS) derive from? |
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Definition
| Constructs derived from animal learning theories. |
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Term
| What is Tellegen’s three factor model? |
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Definition
| Positive emotionality, Negative emotionality , Constraint |
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Term
| Cleckley: Specific loss of insight |
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Definition
Does not think anything is wrong with the self
Can not see themselves the way other see them |
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Term
| Why doesn't ryan exhibit psychopathy? |
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Definition
Guilt-confesses to police
Stable relationship
Stable Employmnt |
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Term
| Cleckley: General poverty in major affective reactions |
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Definition
Lack of affect
Shallow
Primitive Emotions
Lack of mature Wholehearted Emotions |
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Term
| Cleckley: Pathological Egocentricity and incapacity for love |
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Definition
Distinguished by egocentricity
Self Centered
Incapacity to love |
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Term
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Definition
• Persistent pattern from childhood- fire setting, theft, disappearing for days
• Tried to shoot mother
• No real signs of remorse, remorse is feigned, does not understand the meaning of his actions
• Fooled many people: psychiatrist went above and beyond to rehabilitate him, with no success, mental health professionals, other doctors, the couple that took him in for free
• Interpersonal relationships-dying love and then plans change a few days latter
• Lack of serious attachment to anyone
• Denies he should be in prison
• He never sought psychiatric help, except when it aided evading prison |
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Term
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Definition
Lying, manipulation
no authentic mental disorder
lack of nervousness,
lack of anxiety
criminal verastility
exceptional ability to gauge people and their reactions
emotionally shallow
ability to manipulate people to come to his aid
adept at manipilating the system and winning
different from extreme violence, this is a more white collar con-man type of criminal |
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Term
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Definition
-ability to lie with a straight face
-conceal her actions and continue to carry them out without being discovered
-high iq yet mediocre student, lack of consistency in applying herself academically
-would acknowledge wrong doing and apologize, but continue behavior
-inconsistent, unreliable
-lack of conscience
-multiple relationships devoid of meaning
-caviler indifferent attitude toward major significant life experience |
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Term
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Definition
Alert intelligent did not present with features of one being admteed to the hospital
Appeared to be frank, straightforward, and have good insigst- admitting that he made a mess of his life, expressed strong determination to change
Modal patient cheerfil, alert
He seemed to realize that his behavrio was problematic to himself and others
Familiarity with psychological lit, self identified psychopath
Lack of experiencing real and serious emotions
Suicide attepmt was a fraudlent clam to gain his ends with them
Lack of significant meanigful relationships with the opposite sex
Cut his arms to frighten family members in order to gain his ends with them
Note the behavior pre and post first marriage
Note the behavior at the formal dance
Only interested in postions telated to status and fame
Despite his fathers help obtained jobs, he would consistenly fail and end up in legal system or hospital
He was highly adept at talking his way out of alrercations with law enforcement agents
Joined an evengelical chirstian group and was breifly successful in it desoite his admittence that he didn’t believe in what he was preaching.
Heigh ses
Intelligent
Big ideas and dreams did not put into practice
Peristent pattern of work and interpersoanl problems
Successul In various jobs but never lasts
Seemed diff from having impairments that those who are admitted have
Gets into altercations where he ends up with the judical system
Notice the history of wandering
Charms females |
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