Term
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Definition
-occurs in cytosol
-makes 4 ATPs, needs 2, net gain 2
-anaerobic
-splits glucose into 2 pyruvic acids (1 6carbon to 2 3carbons)
-NAD+ to NADH
-absence of oxygen, goes to fermentation
-with oxygen, goes to kreb
-glyco=sugar, ly=break
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Term
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Definition
-electron carrier
-loses electron in electron transport chain, becomes NAD+
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Term
| fermentation, general info |
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Definition
-ATP not produced
-NAD+ formed
-2 kinds, lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation
-anaerobic
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Term
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Definition
-not in humans and animals
-pyruvic acid changes to ethyl alcohol and CO2 and NAD+
-used in wine and beer industries
-wine releases CO2 and champagne CO2 is retained
-bread making
-flour is carb>starch>polysaccharide>breaks down to glucose, breaks down to 2 pyruvic acids
-yeast is living organism carrying on alcoholic fermentation
-releases CO2(makes bread rise)
-ethyl alcohol evaporates when baked
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Term
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Definition
-pyruvic acid changes to lactic acid and NAD+
-used to make yogurt
-muscle fatigue or pain
-will diffuse to blood and convert back to pyruvic acid in the liver when O2 is available
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Term
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Definition
glycolysis-2ATPs
kreb cycle-2ATPs
electron transport chain-32ATPs
8NADHs from kreb x 3 ATPs each=24
2NADHs from gly. x 2 ATPs each=4
2FADH2s from kreb x 2 ATPs each=4
total=36 ATPs
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Term
| cellular respiration (definition+other info) |
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Definition
-making ATP by breaking down organic compounds
-also makes carbon skeletons that are used to make other molecules needed by cells
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Term
| kreb cycle (general info) |
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Definition
-aerobic
-takes place on crista in mitochondria
-products: use:
ATP energy
CO2 released
NADH and H+ electron carrier
FADH2 electron carrier
-happens twice
-AKA carbon fixation, citric acid cycle
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Term
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Definition
-pyruvic acid, from glycolysis, has 3 carbons
-NAD+ is added, NADH and H+ released
-CO2 released, 2 carbons left
-CoA (coenzyme) added, pushes acetyl into cycle
-CoA released
-Citric Acid (6C)
-NAD+ added, NADH and H+ released
-CO2 released
-Ketoguteric Acid (5C)
-NAD+ added, NADH and H+ released
-CO2 released
-ADP added, ATP released
-Succinic Acid (4C)
-FAD added, FADH2 released
-Malic Acid (4C)
-NAD+ added, NADH and H+ released
-Oxaloacetic Acid (4C)
-starts over at acetyl being pushed into cycle
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Term
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Definition
-occurs only in eukaryotes
-active transport
-NADH (from glycolysis and kreb) and FADH2 (from kreb) are at a high energy level
-electrons passed along a series of molecules and lose energy, which is used in active transport to pump protons of hydrogen to other side into intermembrane space; a concentration gradient of protons is created
-Makes ATP with ATP synthase
-oxygen gets electrons and protons and makes H2O
-oxygen is "taxicab", lactiv acid fermentation occurs if there's not enough oxygen
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