Term
|
Definition
| -Exotic Invasive Sp. Brought from Europe |
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Term
| What problems can exotic sp cause? |
|
Definition
-Habitat Degradation
- Predation on native sp.
- Competition with native sp.
- Hybridization with native sp/ genetic swamping |
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Term
Feral Hog
The effects of an exotic invader depend on the.. |
|
Definition
| niche it assumes in the new environment |
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Term
| The potential for competition between exotic and native species depends on.. |
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Definition
| the degree of niche overlap between them |
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Term
|
Definition
- Exotic
- 2 types:
a) feral swine (domestic ancestry)
b) European wild boar hydrids
- primarily in coastal plain
- also scattered in Appalachians |
|
|
Term
Feral Hog Problems
Ecological damage |
|
Definition
- wallowing, rooting, foraging
- affect plant and animal communities |
|
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Term
Feral Hog Problems
Agricultural/ silvicultural damage |
|
Definition
- row crops
- pine, hardwood seedlings |
|
|
Term
Feral Hog Problems
Diseases |
|
Definition
- swine brucellosis
- others |
|
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Term
Feral Hog Management
complicated by status as popular game animal |
|
Definition
- restricted harvest
- restocking/translocation
creates conflict between hunters and others (landowners) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- subsp of mtn lion
- once widespread across the southeast
- now restricted to South Florida due to habitat loss
- one of the rarest mammals in the world |
|
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Term
Florida Panther
Population Management |
|
Definition
- lack of genetic diversity and problems with inbreeding depression (well documented)
- efforts to address these problems led to recent introductions of 8 TX cougars (Females) in '95; goal was 20% genetic introgression level
45+% of FL panthers may contain Tx ancestory
- Reproduction and population numbers have seemed strong in recent years (high food abundance) |
|
|
Term
Florida Panther
pop. management
Things to be addressed: |
|
Definition
- susceptibility to fluctuation in prey abundance and stochastic events have caused concern
- lack of habitat outside the currently- occupied range must be addressed
- future efforts likely will involve attempts at establishing new populations elsewhere |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- endemic to southern pine ecosystems of the SouthE U.S.
- pine- dominated ecosystems have declined in acerage by 95+%
- highly endangered: total pop size has declined by 99% |
|
|
Term
Red Cockaded Woodpecker
Habitat Req |
|
Definition
- specialist sp: old (80+yr) pine stands w/ little or no hardwood midstory or understory
- excavate cavities in living pine trees (<3wood decay from red <3 fungus)
- Fire adapted sp |
|
|
Term
Red Cockaded Woodpecker
Pop. Management |
|
Definition
-habitat limited, pop declines due to habitat loss (lack of suitable cavity trees)
- retention/production of 100+yr old pine stands
- under- and midstory control (fire, herbicides)
- artificial cavities in pine stands too young permit suitable cavities and may help increase breeding populations. |
|
|
Term
Red Cockaded Woodpecker
Pop Management
Metapopulations: |
|
Definition
- genetic exchange between subpopulations important
- small-scale stochastic effects also important |
|
|
Term
White-tailed deer
Importance |
|
Definition
- most important game animal in Southeast
- public interest & recreation
- financially |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-record low #s at turn of century, extirpated from many areas
- populations restored during middle and latter half of this century
- restocking
- restrictive harvest
- today, white-tailed deer are abundant throughout most of southeast
- overabundant in some areas |
|
|
Term
White-tailed deer
Management Goals
Quantity |
|
Definition
- historically the prevailing management philosophy
- antlered harvest, protect females
- today: high deer #'s, high hunter success, maximal recreation opportunities
-but, quality is compromised in many areas
- pops are badly skewed towards females (20:1)
- most deer harvested as yearlings, few in older age classes
- high deer #s cause nutritional stress. |
|
|
Term
White-tailed deer
management goals
quality
in recent years... |
|
Definition
interest has increased
- new scientific info
- st. agencies now experimenting w/ managing for deer quality. |
|
|
Term
White-tailed deer
management goals
quality
Body size, antler develop. |
|
Definition
Function of 3 factors:
- age
- nutrition
- genetics
*note: age & nutrition = most important mgmt!
genetics= less important mgmt. |
|
|
Term
White-tailed deer
management goals
quality
age |
|
Definition
-allows males to reach older (2.5+) age classes
- restrictive bag limits (KY)
- pt. restrictions (4pt.- MS, Catoosa)
- spread restrictions (15"- Dooley Co. GA) |
|
|
Term
White-tailed deer
management goals
quality
nutrition |
|
Definition
Allow deer to achieve genetic potential
- limited, low quality foods in many areas
- manage herd size, sex ratio, food sources |
|
|
Term
White-tailed deer
management goals
quality
manage herd size, sex ratio through antlerless harvest |
|
Definition
- sex ratio less skewed in favor of females makes population grow less quickly, provides for synchronized breeding
- young does and fawns eat proportionally more than older does and bucks |
|
|
Term
White-tailed deer
management goals
quality
Manage food sources by: |
|
Definition
- encouraging native food growth
- food plots (warm and cool season)
- supplemental feeding (?) |
|
|
Term
White-tailed deer
management goals
quality
Additional considerations of QDM |
|
Definition
- cost
- land requirements
- effects on deer numbers, hunter success |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- wildlife owned by ppl; managed by gov.
- based off english system (1842)
- est. in US by Martin vs. Wadell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
10th ammendment
means states decide on wildlife
est by Greer vs. Connecticut |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1st fed wildlife legislation
- made interstate shipment of illegally killed animals a fed. offense
- est. regs on importation of wildlife
*- interstate commerce |
|
|
Term
| Pelican Island Bird Sanct. |
|
Definition
- est 1903
- est by Teddy Roosevelt
- 1st Natl Wildlife Refuge |
|
|
Term
Migratory Bird Treaty (1916)with Great Britain (Canada) &
Migratory Bird Treaty Act (1918) |
|
Definition
- est. to conserve migratory birds on a continental scale
- upheld by Missouri vs. Holland (1920)= said Migratory game birds are fed. jurisdiction |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Game Mgmt historically.. |
|
Definition
| has been the exclusive focus of wildlife agencies |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Game Mgmt is still important today because hunting provides... |
|
Definition
- most of the revenues for wildlife research and mgmt
- public recreational
- a population mgmt tool |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
The future of Game Mgmt is uncertain b/c |
|
Definition
- changing public values, attitudes, and behaviors
- studies have documented declines in hunting participation
- non-hunting public becoming more political and involved |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Game Mgmt
Harvest Theory |
|
Definition
- in a population at carrying capacity (stable), factors increasing population balanced by factors decreasing population
- if harvest decreases population below K, population growth rate increases
- factors increasing population outpace those decreasing population, creates harvestable surplus |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Mgmt Goals
Maximum Sustained Yield |
|
Definition
- largest average harvest that can be taken continuously from a population under given conditions
- population ~1/2K, harvest takes annual production |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Mgmt Goals
Optimum Yield |
|
Definition
- Harvest (yield) providing the greatest overall benefit in terms of food production and recreational opportunities as modified by relevant economic, social, or ecological factors
- based on sociological/cultural carrying capacity |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Mgmt Goals
Others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Regulations
For most game sp., the relationship between harvest regulations and population dynamics is.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Regulations
Establishing regulations is an... |
|
Definition
inexact science
& is based on many different factors (biological, sociological, economic, etc). |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Regulations
Regulations typically are... |
|
Definition
| conservative (err on the side of underharvest) |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Regulations
Regulations are subject to change based on... |
|
Definition
| population changes (but change can be slow difficult) |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Regulation Types
Bag Limits |
|
Definition
(daily, seasonal, quotas)
- relationship between bag limit and harvest generally positive, but is not always strong. |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Regulation Types
Season timing and length |
|
Definition
- takes into account animal behavior (migration, reproduction, etc.)
- usually fall-winter (non-reproductive)
- can affect compensation
- general positive relationship between season length and harvest, but may not be strong
- opening day important (split season)
- weekends/holidays important |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Regulation Types
Shooting Hours |
|
Definition
- most animals hunted during daylight hours (for safety, identification)
- during time of maximum animal activity, to the extent possible
- shorter hours reduce harvest somewhat |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Regulation Types
Gender Restrictions |
|
Definition
- in sexually dimorphic species
- usually to protect females |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Regulation Types
Taking Methods |
|
Definition
- weapons, restrictions (prevent overharvest, protects hunters, reduce crippling loss)
- ammunition restrictions (lead shot)
- baiting restrictions
- others (decoys, dogs, vehicles, etc.) |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Regulation Types
Area Closure |
|
Definition
- provides refuge or sanctuary
- can be small- scale or large- scale |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Regulation Types
Others |
|
Definition
| Clothing restrictions - blaze orange |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Regulations
Establishment
Biological considerations |
|
Definition
- status of population relative to goals
- quality of animals
- computer population modeling useful |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Regulations
Establishment
Sociological Considerations |
|
Definition
- hunter opinions and desires
- tradition important
- providing for public comment important (comment period) |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Regulations
Establishment
Commission involvement |
|
Definition
- makes regulations
- considers biological information, but sociological and economic factors weight heavily |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Regulations
Adaptive Harvest Mgmt
(Adaptive Resource Mgmt) |
|
Definition
- new way of approaching setting harvest regulations
- includes specific objectives and scientific monitoring procedures to evaluate harvest mgmt
- tries to reduce uncertainty in setting regulations |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
Habitat Management |
|
Definition
- mgmt of food planting
- mgmt of water, cover |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Game Sp
People management |
|
Definition
- law enforcement
- education |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Endangered/Threatened Sp.
Importance of Sp. Conservation |
|
Definition
- wild sp. have many values (economic, aesthetic, etc.)
- one of the most important but least understood is the ecological value of sp.
- all native sp. ecological value
- community integrity/ stability depends on diversity
- maintaining the stability of a community requires maintaining all of its components
- many sp. may have value(s) yet to be discovered. |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Endangered/Threatened Sp.
What sp. are likely to be imperiled? |
|
Definition
- species with restricted distributions
- species of economic importance (international)
- species of large size, especially predators
- species with low reproductive rates
- highly specialized species |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Endangered/Threatened Sp.
What causes endangerment? |
|
Definition
- natural causes
- overharvest
- introduced (exotic) predators
- nonpredatory exotic sp:
a) competition
b) disease problems |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Endangered/Threatened Sp.
What causes endangerment?
habitat modification |
|
Definition
- habitat loss
- habitat fragment
a) area- sensitivity
b) increased negative effects of predation and competition |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Endangered/Threatened Sp.
Additional Threats to Small Populations
lack of genetic diversity
Genetic Bottleneck: |
|
Definition
| the temporary reduction of a population to only a few individuals, thereby limiting the gene pool and increasing inbreeding |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Endangered/Threatened Sp.
Additional Threats to Small Populations
lack of genetic diversity
inbreeding depression: |
|
Definition
| the undesirable result of repeated matings within a small population of related individuals, typically reducing the gene pool and producing abnormalities and lessened fitness in the offspring |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Endangered/Threatened Sp.
Additional Threats to Small Populations
Stochastic events: |
|
Definition
| small- scale random events have a much greater potential impact on small populations than on large ones |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Endangered/Threatened Sp.
Key Concepts
Minimum viable population (MVP) |
|
Definition
| the minimum number of individuals in a population needed to guarantee persistence of the population over a given time period (1000 years) with a given degree of probability (99%) |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Endangered/Threatened Sp.
Key Concepts
Metapopulation dynamics
metapopulation: |
|
Definition
| isolated units of a larger population, occuring in patches separated by uninhabitable areas across which movements and exchanges, if any, are generally limited to corridors |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Endangered/Threatened Sp.
Key Concepts
Metapopulation dynamics: |
|
Definition
- limited movement between populations
- exchange of individuals among subpopulations is important
- maintaining genetic diversity (exchange of alleles)
- maintaining declining populations, colonizing new areas, repopulating extirpated ones |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Endangered/Threatened Sp.
Key Concepts
Metapopulation dynamics
sources and sinks |
|
Definition
r<0 ; r>0
r>0 is a source, it sends individuals to sinks r<0 |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Endangered/Threatened Sp.
Endangered Sp. Act |
|
Definition
- first version in 1966 (Endangered Sp. Preservation Act)
- second version in 1969 (Endangered Sp. Conservation Act)
- actual ESA passed in 1973
- protects plants and animals (excludes insect pests)
- recognizes and protects separate populations and subspecies |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Endangered/Threatened Sp.
Endangered Sp. Act
Section 4 |
|
Definition
- listing a sp. as endangered or threatened (petitioning)
- designation of critical habitat (economics considered, can be delayed) |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Endangered/Threatened Sp.
Endangered Sp. Act
Section 7 |
|
Definition
| -Requires federal agencies (and permitees) to consult with Dept. of Interior to make sure that their actions are not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of a listed sp. (plant or animal) or result in the destruction or modification of critical habitat |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Endangered/Threatened Sp.
Endangered Sp. Act
Section 9 |
|
Definition
- prohibits "take" of a listed animal, including destruction of habitat, on all lands
- prohibits "take" of a listed plant on public lands |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Endangered/Threatened Sp.
Endangered Sp. Act
Section 10 |
|
Definition
- authorizes "incidental take" permit for activities that may harm listed sp. incidentally
- requires conservation plan listing impacts, alternatives, and mitigation measures |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Endangered/Threatened Sp.
Endangered Sp. Act
Section 11 |
|
Definition
- authorizes civil and criminal penalties
- up to $50,000, 1 year in jail for violations |
|
|
Term
| Summary- Endangered Sp Act is: |
|
Definition
- powerful legislation
- broad in scope
- absolute (non-ambiguous) in wording
- extremely controversial |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Endangered/Threatened Sp.
Endangered Sp. Act
Problems and New Developements
Captive Breeding Programs |
|
Definition
- take individuals from highly endangered populations into captivity
- provides increased protection for adults and young (hopefully increases survival)
- allows control over mating (minimize inbreeding)
-promotes public awareness and education
- offers research opportunities |
|
|
Term
Mgmt of Endangered/Threatened Sp.
Endangered Sp. Act
Problems and New Developements
Captive Breeding Programs
Present Problems: |
|
Definition
- husbandry issues
- disease issues
- artificial environment hampers imprinting, learning processes |
|
|
Term
Management of Nuisance Wildlife
Wildlife Damage Management
basic concepts
wildlife damage: |
|
Definition
| anything a wildlife sp. does that causes human injury or illness, economic productivity loss, physical damage, or reduction in quality of life or well-being |
|
|
Term
Management of Nuisance Wildlife
Wildlife Damage Management
basic concepts |
|
Definition
- must be based on sound ecological, economic, and sociological principles
- public attitudes and environmental regulations are restricting use of traditional tools
- agencies scrutinized carefully to make sure their actions are justified, environmentally safe, and in the public interest
- becoming increasingly important as human populations increase and land-use intensifies |
|
|
Term
Management of Nuisance Wildlife
Wildlife Damage Management
basic concepts
field is growing rapidly: |
|
Definition
- research
- college courses
- textbook (Conover)
- Berryman Institute at Utah State |
|
|
Term
Management of Nuisance Wildlife
Wildlife Damage Management
Legal Considerations
"Before steps to control wildlife damage can be taken..." |
|
Definition
applicable laws must be considered
-Capture, possession, or killing of vertebrates is regulated by state laws
Federal exceptions: sp. regulated under Endangered Sp. Act, migratory birds |
|
|
Term
Management of Nuisance Wildlife
Wildlife Damage Management
Legal Considerations
USFWS permit is required to.. |
|
Definition
| capture, kill, possess, or transport migratory birds |
|
|
Term
Management of Nuisance Wildlife
Wildlife Damage Management
Legal Considerations
No permit is needed to.. |
|
Definition
| scare or herd depredating birds other than T&E sp. or bald or golden eagles |
|
|
Term
Management of Nuisance Wildlife
Wildlife Damage Management
Legal Considerations
Blackbird control requires.. |
|
Definition
| no federal permit when causing damage or a health hazard |
|
|
Term
Management of Nuisance Wildlife
Wildlife Damage Management
Legal Considerations
Exotic Birds.. |
|
Definition
| (house sparrows, pigeons, starlings, etc.) generally have no federal protection (but there are exceptions) |
|
|
Term
Management of Nuisance Wildlife
Wildlife Damage Management
Legal Considerations
federal laws do not.. |
|
Definition
| circumvent state laws, which may be more, but not less, restrictive |
|
|
Term
Management of Nuisance Wildlife
Wildlife Damage Management
Legal Considerations
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) |
|
Definition
-requires all pesticides and other chemicals for repelling organisms to be approved and registered by EPA
- states may have their own registration requirements more restrictive than federal requirements |
|
|
Term
Management of Nuisance Wildlife
Wildlife Damage Management
Legal Considerations
FIFRA (cont.) |
|
Definition
- some products only valid in specific states
- some products restricted to emergency use in specific localities
- many registered chemicals (e.g. vertebrate toxicants) classified as "restricted use"
- must be used by, or under the direct supervision of, a certified pesticide applicator
- each state has own certification requirements
- anyone contemplating use of particular chemicals in wildlife damage control must determine status of/requirements for using then in a particular locality |
|
|
Term
Conservation Bio, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Management
Introduction! |
|
Definition
-New field of Wildlife Conservation (1980s)
- Society for Conservation Bio organized in 1986
- Conservation Biology first published in 1987
- sometimes defined as the science of abundance and scarcity |
|
|
Term
Conservation Bio, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Management
Introduction!
Primary goal is the active protection of biodiversity: |
|
Definition
| Biodiversity= the variety of life, typically expressed in terms of species richness, but also may be applied to genes and ecosystems |
|
|
Term
Conservation Bio, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Management
Introduction!
Relationship to broader field of wildlife management.. |
|
Definition
has been debated
- crisis oriented, more theoretical, and more global than traditional wildlife realm
- also based on ecological issues |
|
|
Term
Conservation Bio, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Management.
Management of Biodiversity- What?
species richness: |
|
Definition
| the number of species present in a given area at a given time |
|
|
Term
Conservation Bio, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Management.
Management of Biodiversity- What?
species evenness- |
|
Definition
| the relative abundance of individuals among those present in a given area at a given time |
|
|
Term
Conservation Bio, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Management.
Management of Biodiversity- What?
Shannon- Wiener Diversity Index & Simpson's Diversity Index: |
|
Definition
- based on species richness and evenness
- range 0-1 (low-high) |
|
|
Term
Conservation Bio, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Management.
Management of Biodiversity- Where?
Hotspots: |
|
Definition
very biodiverse!
- regions with unusually high concentrations of endemic species
- 44% of all vascular plants & 35% of all terrestrial animals found on 25 sites compromising 1.5% of land surface |
|
|
Term
Conservation Bio, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Management.
Management of Biodiversity- How?
Importance of scale
Scale: |
|
Definition
the spatial scope being considered (how broad is the area?)
- management for biodiversity depends on the scale considered
- effective conservation of biodiversity requires working at broad spatial scales (regional, landscape) |
|
|
Term
Conservation Bio, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Management.
Management of Biodiversity- How?
Concept of Island biogeography useful in managing habitat fragmentation |
|
Definition
- theoretical ideas about the relationship(s) between biodiversity on islands and island size and proximity to mainland
- larger islands have more species
- islands closer to mainland have more species |
|
|
Term
Conservation Bio, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Management.
Management of Biodiversity- How?
Island Biogeography |
|
Definition
- a fragmented landscape may consist of "islands" of suitable habitat surrounded by non-suitable habitat
- principles of island biogeography may apply to these "islands"
- can have implications for the design of nature reserves (size/location) |
|
|
Term
Conservation Bio, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Management.
Management of Biodiversity- How?
Ecosystem Management
ecosystem: |
|
Definition
- living and non-living components in an environment functioning together
- addresses biodiversity conservation issues at broad level (conserve system, rather than selected components)
- theoretically more efficient, productive than single species approach |
|
|
Term
Conservation Bio, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Management.
Management of Biodiversity- How?
Ecosystem Management
Problems? |
|
Definition
where do we start?
do we know enough about ecosystem function?
are resources sufficient to be successful? |
|
|
Term
Historical Figures in Wildlife Management in the US
John Muir (1838-1914) |
|
Definition
| naturalist and writer who supported a preservationist view of conservation; founded Sierra Club; helped establish Yosemite National Park; influenced president T. Roosevelt |
|
|
Term
Historical Figures in Wildlife Management in the US
Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) |
|
Definition
| 25th U. S. president; avid big-game hunter noted for his conservation efforts; initiated the development of the National Wildlife Refuge system; greatly expanded the National Forest system; established a presidential mechanism for saving unique resource areas as National Monuments; set aside 23 national monuments, one of which was the Grand Canyon |
|
|
Term
Historical Figures in Wildlife Management in the US
Gifford Pinchot (1865-1946) |
|
Definition
| “father of American forestry” who supported a utilitarian view of conservation; helped establish the first forestry school (Yale U.) and the American Society of Foresters; first chief of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Forestry (Forest Service); promoted wise use of resources on a sustained yield basis; first used the term conservation as it applies to natural resources |
|
|
Term
Historical Figures in Wildlife Management in the US
Aldo Leopold (1887-1948) |
|
Definition
| “father of American wildlife management”; trained as a forester (Yale); worked in many areas across the U.S., wrote Game Management (1st wildlife textbook); developed many important wildlife management concepts; established 1st wildlife program at U. of Wisconsin; philosopher and developer of the land ethic concept, which he described in his 1949 book A Sand County Almanac |
|
|
Term
Historical Figures in Wildlife Management in the US
J.N. "Ding" Darling (1876- 1962) |
|
Definition
| writer, cartoonist, naturalist, and promoter of numerous wildlife causes; was instrumental in passage of the Duck Stamp Act and the development of federal wildlife cooperative units at universities; helped establish the Wildlife Management Institute and the National Wildlife Federation; was director of the Bureau of Biological Survey (forerunner of U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service) |
|
|
Term
Important Private Wildlife Organizations
The Wildlife Society |
|
Definition
| national professional wildlife organization; published scientific journals, newsletter, some books; certifies wildlife programs and professionals |
|
|
Term
Important Private Wildlife Organizations
Wildlife Management Institute |
|
Definition
| national educational and political organization with broad wildlife conservation interests; hosts North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference each year; publishes books (many species-specific) |
|
|
Term
Important Private Wildlife Organizations
Ducks Unlimited |
|
Definition
| international (U.S and Canadian) organization working for conservation of waterfowl and other wildlife, primarily through the development, restoration, management, and maintenance of wetland areas |
|
|
Term
Important Private Wildlife Organizations
National Wildlife Federation |
|
Definition
| large national popular and political organization; publishes National Wildlife and International Wildlife magazines; works and lobbies for wildlife conservation and environmental protection |
|
|
Term
Important Private Wildlife Organizations
National Audubon Society |
|
Definition
| similar to National Wildlife Federation, publishes Audubon magazine; involved in lobbying, litigation, and education in wildlife and environmental issues |
|
|
Term
Important Private Wildlife Organizations
Nature Conservancy |
|
Definition
| national organization working to conserve ecosystems by acquiring habitat in ecologically sensitive and/or important areas; works with states to acquire and manage these areas, and to protect rare species |
|
|
Term
Important Private Wildlife Organizations
Boone and Crockett Club |
|
Definition
| sportsman’s group promoting hunting ethics and wildlife conservation practices; maintains size records of big game |
|
|
Term
Important Private Wildlife Organizations
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) |
|
Definition
| animal rights organization that objects to the use of animals for any purpose; considered adversarial by many wildlife professionals |
|
|
Term
Public Attitudes Toward Wildlife – Kellert (1976)
Naturalistic |
|
Definition
| derives satisfaction from contact with nature; wildlife valued for opportunities it provides to be out in nature |
|
|
Term
Public Attitudes Toward Wildlife – Kellert (1976)
Ecologistic |
|
Definition
| oriented toward nature,but intellectual/detached; views natural environment as system of interdependent parts; humans “just another part of the system”; seeks to modify humans impact on system |
|
|
Term
Public Attitudes Toward Wildlife – Kellert (1976)
Humanistic |
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Definition
| strong affection for individual animals (pets); feelings for animals similar to feelings for humans; not specifically interested in wildlife, but empathy extends from pets to all animals |
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Term
Public Attitudes Toward Wildlife – Kellert (1976)
Moralistic |
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Definition
| concern for welfare of all animals (wild and domestic); more philosophical; based on ethical principles opposing exploitation/inflicting harm, suffering, or death on animals; equality between humans and animals |
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Term
Public Attitudes Toward Wildlife – Kellert (1976)
Scientistic |
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Definition
| objective, intellectual viewpoint; animals are objects of study, for acquiring knowledge; curiosity is motivation for interest in animals |
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Term
Public Attitudes Toward Wildlife – Kellert (1976)
Aesthetic |
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Definition
| artistic appeal of animals (beauty, symbolic properties); removed from actual animals; enjoy artistic displays, movies, poetry, etc. |
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Term
Public Attitudes Toward Wildlife – Kellert (1976)
Utilitarian |
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Definition
| focuses on practical/profitable uses of animals (human benefit); not concerned with animal welfare beyond performance or practical value of animals |
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Term
Public Attitudes Toward Wildlife – Kellert (1976)
Dominionistic |
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Definition
| superiority over animals; desire to master animals |
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Term
Public Attitudes Toward Wildlife – Kellert (1976)
Negativistic |
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Definition
| separation and alienation from natural world; indifference, dislike, fear, superstition toward animals; desire to avoid animals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| number of individuals surviving to age x out of 1000 born |
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Term
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Definition
| probability at birth of surviving to age x; calculated by dividing nx by n0 (original number of individuals) |
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Term
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Definition
| probability of dying during the age interval x; calculated as the difference between 2 consecutive values of lx |
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Term
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Definition
| mortality rate; proportion of animals alive in interval x that die before the next interval; calculated as dx/lx |
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Definition
| life expectancy; average life span remaining to an individual alive at start of interval x |
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Term
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Definition
- widespread and abundant
- popular, financially important game bird
- more mourning doves harvested per year than any other migratory game bird |
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Term
Mourning Dove
Population Status |
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Definition
- pop indexed annually using call-count surveys
- surveys indicated long-term declines across the country
- decline controversial, but of management concern |
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Term
Mourning Dove
Population Status
Limiting factors.. |
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Definition
| not well understood, but habitat loss and possibly overharvest are suspected to be causing decline |
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Term
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Definition
- managed at federal and state levels
- country divided into eastern, central, and western management units (managed somewhat independently) |
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Term
Mourning Dove
Management
Harvest framework.. |
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Definition
set at federal level for each unit
- in EMU and CMU, options are 60-day season and 15 dove/ day limit, or 70 day season and 12 dove/day limit
- more restricted in WMU
- season limits: 1Sept -15Jan
- states make actual decisions about their own seasons
- in TN, 60-day season, 15-dove limit (3 periods: Sept, Oct, Dec-Jan) |
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Term
Mourning Dove
Management
State and Federal agencies manage.. |
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Definition
dove fields for public hunting (sp. dates/ times)
- some private dove fields also managed for hunting (technical assistance available) |
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Term
Mourning Dove
New Developments.. |
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Definition
- new interest in better dove research & management
- technical committees in each unit meet to develop new strategies
- new harvest strategy may restrict harvest if further population declines are evident |
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