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Wildlife Exam 1
Exam 1
66
Environmental Studies
Undergraduate 2
05/03/2015

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Cards

Term
Client Model VS Stakeholder Model
Definition
Client: Sportsmen paid & received services from managers.
Stakeholder: identify all stakeholders and include in decision making.
Term
Active VS Inactive Management
Definition
Active: Manipulates population directly.
Inactive: Minimizes external influence and instead manages people and interactions.
Term
Four Basic Types of Management
Definition
Increase population. Decrease population. Harvest population at sustainable yield. Simply monitor.
Term
Gifford Pichot
Definition
Coined the term conservation and promoted sustainable yield.
Term
Ding Darling
Definition
Cartoon artist who depicted pollution and habitat loss. 1876-1962
Term
Rachel Carson
Definition
Vastly popular among the public Silent Spring but that ended DDT use and called for regulation of chemicals.
Term
North American Model of Wildlife Conservation
Definition
Wildlife is public and international resource managed by policies based on sound science.
Term
Roosevelt Doctrine
Definition
All outdoor resources are one integral whole. Conservation through wise use is a public responsibility. Science is the proper tool for discharging that responsibility.
Term
Impacts Management Approach
Definition
Attempts to shape value created by human-wildlife interactions through managing coupled systems.
Term
Expert Authority Approach
Definition
Top-down in which wildlife managers make decisions and take actions unilateral.
Term
Passive-Receptive Approach
Definition
Wildlife managers welcome stakeholders input but do not seek it systematically.
Term
Intermediary Approach
Definition
Encourages two-way communication between individual stakeholders groups and the wildlife managers.
Term
Inquisitive Approach
Definition
Managers actively seek information about stakeholders to inform anticipated management.
Term
Transactional Approach
Definition
Stakeholders describe their stakes to each other rather than managers and collaborate to rank them.
Term
Comanagerial Approach
Definition
Conservation agencies engage other government agencues, NGOs and local communities and share responsibility and decision making.
Term
Social Sciences
Definition
Psychology, economics, and sociology.
Term
Wildlife Acceptance Capacity
Definition
There is some maximum wildlife population level in an area that is acceptable to people.
Term
Conceptual Learning
Definition
Searching for new objectives and new ways of defining the problem.
Term
Technical Learning
Definition
Searching for new policies and actions to accomplish existing objectives.
Term
Social Learning
Definition
Results from relationships and the quality of dialogue between partners, stakeholders, and managers.
Term
BIDE
Definition
Births, Immagration, Deaths, and Emigration used to determine abundance.
Term
Lambda
Definition
Represents geometric growth rate or proportional change in abundance over a year. Calculated by abundance this year divided by abundance next year.
Term
Source-sink Metapopulation
Definition
Assumes that areas with little to no harvest will serve as sources for overall metapopulation, supplying emigrants to sink areas that are more heavily harvested.
Term
Ecological Traps
Definition
When formerly reliable cues of ideal habitat occur in unsuitable habitat areas. Fence perch spots in a regularly mowed field.
Term
Avian Cholera
Definition
Caused by bacteria P. Multocida from farming turkeys and chickens and DDT suppressing immune systems.
Term
Brucellosis
Definition
Caused by bacteria Brucella abortus and dense populations.
Term
Distemper
Definition
Caused by morbillivirus and dense populations.
Term
Brain Worm
Definition
Caused by ingesting snails that have ingested deer poop.
Term
Pneumonia
Definition
Contracted from proximity to domestic sheep.
Term
Sea Otter Disease
Definition
Cause by protozoal and bacterial infections occurring do to pollution.
Term
One Health
Definition
We need to seek and implement optimal solutions to health problems that maximize benefits to human health, animal health, and environmental health, and sustainability.
Term
Thermal Neutral Zone
Definition
An endotherms temperature tolerance range.
Term
Plant Secondary Metabolites
Definition
Production of products that aid in growth and development that are not required for the plant to survive.
Term
Body Condition Indices
Definition
Body mass, total fat, and protein level.
Term
Niche and Niche Breadth
Definition
The resource allotted to an population and how they manage it. Breadth are the variety of resources or habits used by a species.
Term
Cover
Definition
Thermal, predatory, survival, breeding.
Term
Space
Definition
Connectivity to other areas, home range. Etc.
Term
Proximate VS Ultimate Cause
Definition
Proximate is what seems most apparent, Ultimate is the true underlying cause.
Term
Constituents of Food
Definition
Energy, water, minerals, and vitamins.
Term
Energy
Definition
Essential to function. Consists of fat, carbohydrates, and protien.
Term
Water
Definition
Free (in streams etc), Preformed (in fruit), or metabolic (byproduct of food breakdown).
Term
Minerals
Definition
Macroelements ( calcium, sodium, etc) and microelements (iron, zinc, etc). acquired through food, soil (geophagy), and bones.
Term
Vitamins
Definition
Minute amounts that can't be synthesized by animals. Fat soluble (A,D,E) stored in body. Water soluble ( B,C ) need constant replenishment from food.
Term
Limitations on Food Intake
Definition
Behavioral (use some to store), morphological/physiological (can only eat so much), and environmental (only so much available).
Term
Maximize Food Consumption
Definition
Morphologically (larger, multiple stomachs) and behavioral (coprophagy, re-eating poop!!)
Term
Magna Carta
Definition
First decree that wild animal resources were public and to be tended by the government. As apposed to owned by whose ever land they were on.
Term
Era of Abundance
Definition
1600-1849 Seemingly unlimited resources and animals. Had some closed seasons but heavy west ward expansion and few regulations.
Term
Era of Exploitation
Definition
1850-1899 Increased mobility and technology allowed for more efficient harvest. Many extinctions, beginning of regulation through game wardens and licenses.
Term
Era of Protection
Definition
1900-1922 Actually government legislation to protect began. Lacey Act, Migratory bird treaty, and first refugee ever on pelican island.
Term
Era of Game Management
Definition
1930-1965 Aldo Leopold push for game based management of wildlife. Federal duck stamp forcing hunters to pay to hunt and regulation. Pittman-Roberston Act.
Term
Era of Environmental Management
Definition
1965-Present Increased wealth and leisure time of public so can get involved. Concern for non-hunting species. More science and environmental awareness.
Term
Wildlife
Definition
A potentially broad term that mainly includes all vertebrates but some invertebrates and plants.
Term
Conservation
Definition
Effort towards sustainable interactions between humans and wildlife.
Term
Exponential Growth VS Logistic Growth
Definition
Exponential increase infinitely and is not sustainable. Logistic plateus eventually as carry capacity is met.
Term
Biological Carrying Capacity
Definition
Maximum number of individuals in a habitat that can be supported in good health for extended time.
Term
Density Independent Factors
Definition
Exert their influence no matter what population numbers. Weather, humans.
Term
Density Dependent Factors
Definition
Vary in effect depending on population numbers. Food, disease, stress.
Term
Cultural Carrying Capacity
Definition
Maximum number of individuals that can coexist with humans. Varies based on economics and social values.
Term
The Lacey Act
Definition
Prohibits transport of game across state lines reducing exploitation loop holes.
Term
Migratory Bird Treaty Act
Definition
Prohibited hunting times seasons and numbers to reduce loss. Kept states from making conflicting laws about it and afforded protection to all non game species.
Term
Pittman-Robertson Act
Definition
Public funding for government wildlife regulation to come from hunters through taxes and licenses.
Term
National Environmental Policy Act
Definition
Made every project that involves federal funds mist be assessed for environmental impact.
Term
Endangered Species Act
Definition
Protected non game species and their ecosystems.
Term
Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species
Definition
An international agreement that there will be restricted trade of certain species between nations.
Term
Clean Water Act Section 404
Definition
Restricted waste disposal in general and required permit from army to develop on any aquatic habitat.
Term
Food Security Act
Definition
Subsidized farmers to turn their land into wildlife habitats.
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