Term
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Definition
| Holds the code of genetic info. for building proteins. |
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Term
| What are examples of Proteins in the body? (3 things) |
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Definition
*Enzymes
*Hormones structures *Nummerous tissues and structures |
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Term
| Why are DNA's "instructions" TRANSCRIBED to the m-RNA molecule? |
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Definition
| Because DNA cannot leave the nucleus. |
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Term
| What does m-RNA do with the instructions from the DNA? |
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Definition
| Carries the instructions to the Ribosomes in the Cytoplasm where proteins are made. |
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Term
| What does mRNA stand for? |
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Definition
| Messenger Ribonucleic Acid |
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Term
| How is RNA different from DNA? |
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Definition
1. sugar is Ribose (NOT deoxyribose like DNA)
2. Single strand
3. Uracil replaces thymine as a base pair |
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Term
| In mRNA, what replaces thymine in the base pairing rules? |
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Definition
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Term
| What opens the DNA strand for trascription? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the first step of Transcription? (out of 5 steps) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the second step of Transcription? (out of 5 steps) |
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Definition
| mRNA makes complementary strand |
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Term
| What is the third step of Transcription? (out of 5 steps) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the fourth step of Transcription? (out of 5 steps) |
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Definition
| mRNA message is processed: introns (non-coding regions) are removed |
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Term
| What is the fifth step of Transcription? (out of 5 steps) |
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Definition
| mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes out to ribosome in the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| Nucleotide triplet in mRNA that codes for a particular amino acid. |
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Term
| What determines the structure and funtion of a protein? |
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Definition
| The order and the sequence of the bases in the gene. |
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Term
| What determines which amino acid will be added to a growing protein chain? |
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Definition
| The order of the codons in mRNA. |
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Term
| What is the first step in Translation? (out of 5 steps) |
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Definition
| mRNA takes message to ribosome in cytoplasm |
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Term
| What is the second step in Translation? (out of 5 steps) |
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Definition
| tRNA picks up Amino acids in cytoplasm and carries them to ribosome. |
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Term
| What is the third step of Translation? (out of 5 steps) |
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Definition
| tRNA anticodon binds to mRNA codon |
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Term
| What is the fourth step of Translation? (out of 5 steps) |
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Definition
| The amino acid detaches from tRNA and attaches to growing protein. |
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Term
| What is the fifth step of Translation? (out of 5 steps) |
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Definition
| A different tRNA brings a second amino acid and drops it off (this continues until all of the amino acids of the protein are dropped off) |
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Term
| How many amino acids are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| The genetic code is _______ in all organisms. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Any change in a cell's DNA |
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Term
| Where can mutations occur? |
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Definition
| On a single gene or section of a chromosome, or the entire chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Can be caused by Mutagens,Carcinogens, and can be natural/random |
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Term
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Definition
| A physical or chemical cause of mutation. (UV light, radiation, drugs, toxins...) |
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Term
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Definition
| Anything that causes cancer |
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Term
| Are mutations always bad? Give an example. |
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Definition
| No, new proteins might be advantageous and lead to evolution |
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Term
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Definition
| Picture or display of your chromosomes |
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Term
| What are some examples of Non-disjunction? |
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Definition
*Chromatids fail to separate in meiosis II
*Trisomy
*Monosomy |
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Term
| What is a Point Mutation? |
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Definition
| *single nucleotide is altered. Can change 1 amino acid in protein. |
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Term
What is this an example of?
**** ggacAatca ***ggacCatca |
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Definition
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Term
| If mRNA is GGC, what's the DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a Frameshift Mutation? |
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Definition
A nucleotide is either inserted or deleted from a gene
(ALL of the triplets from the point of mutaion onward will be changed) |
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Term
| What is Frameshift Mutation Insertion? |
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Definition
| When a nucleotide is added or deleted from a gene and the reading frame shifts over one base. |
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Term
What is thin an example of?
*** the fat cat ate the rat
*** the fAa tca tat eth era t |
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Definition
| Frameshift Mutation INSERTION |
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Term
| What is Frameshift Mutation Deletion? |
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Definition
| A deletion occurs when a nucleotide is removed from a gene |
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Term
What is this an example of?
**** thE fat cat ate the rat
**** thf atc ata tet her at |
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Definition
| Frameshift Mutation DELETION |
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Term
| What is the result of Deletion? |
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Definition
| A portion of a chromosome is lost. |
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Term
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Definition
| A segment of a chromosome will reverse end to end. |
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Term
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Definition
| A segment of a chromosome is duplicated producing extra copies of genes- on a chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| A part of a chromosome joins another non-homologous chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What type of Mutation?
*aat gcc agt ggt tcg
*aat gcc agt gCg ttc g |
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Definition
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Term
What type of mutation?
* aat gcc agt ggt tcg
* atg cca gtg gtt cg |
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Definition
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Term
what type of mutation?
* tag tag aaa cca caa agg ata
* tag Cta gaa acc aca aag gat a |
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Definition
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Term
What type of mutation?
* tag tag aaa cca caa agg ata
* tag tag aTa cca caa agg ata |
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Definition
| point mutation substitution |
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Term
What type of mutation?
* aat gcc agt ggt tcg
* aat gcc gct tgg tga
* |
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Definition
| Inversion tail end flips back over |
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Term
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Definition
| Gene jumping--a segment of one chromosome jumps to another chromosome. |
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Term
| Which type of mutation can cause enormous genetic changes and rapid evolutionary advances? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False?
***All organisms share the same genetic bases.*** |
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Definition
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Term
| If tRNA is AAU, what's the mRNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| You need to know the ______ to use the chart to determine the amino acids. |
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Definition
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