Term
| What is Natural Selection? |
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Definition
| The mechanism for Evolution, how populations change in response to their environment, causes change within populations. |
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Term
| What is the mechanism for evolution, how populations change in response to their environment, and causes change within species? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does Natural Selection cause change within populations? |
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Definition
| Causes DIFFERENCES in the success rate of organisms to reproduce. Acts upon VARIATION within a population to produce organisms adapted/ better suited to the environment. |
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Term
| What are the 5 things that Natural Selection depends upon? |
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Definition
| *All species have genetic variation. *The environment presents challenges to individual's ability to reproduce. * Organisms tend to produce more offspring than the environment can support, leading to competition. *Individuals better suited for environment leave more offspring behind. *Traits of individuals best suited for environment tend to increase in number. |
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Term
| Natural Selection acts on an organism's ________, physical appearance. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the genotypes in a population? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does Natural Selection and Genes impact the species' genoypes or set of alleles. |
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Definition
| The best variations survive, they reproduce, they pass the successful trait/genes to next generation,the population adapts to the environment |
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Term
| How does variety get into the gene pool? |
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Definition
| Mutations, Sexual Reproduction, Genetic Recombination |
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Term
| What are some examples of genetic recombination? |
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Definition
| Crossing over during meiosis, bacteria transduction, conjugation, transformation, genetic transformations/engineering |
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Term
| The frequency of an allele in a gene pool is acted on by factors such as: |
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Definition
| Genetic drift, Reproductive or Geographic Isolation, Major changes in environmental conditions |
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Term
| What is Stabilizing Selection? |
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Definition
| Selects against the AA and aa, the extremes. Selects the Aa, the heterozygote. |
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Term
| What is an exmaple of Stabilizing Selection? |
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Definition
| Birth weight of babies. Want an average weight of 6-9 lbs., not too low, not too high. |
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Term
| What is selection that favors the extreme phenotypes called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's an example of disruptive selection? |
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Definition
| Selecting for large and small males in a population. |
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Term
| What type of selection occurs when the dominant AA phenotype is selected for? |
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Definition
Directional Selection
(it could also shift toward the recessive phenotype) |
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Term
| What is an example of directional selection? |
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Definition
| Black colored peppered moths in Industrial England; tall giraffes; pesticide resistant mosquitoes |
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Term
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Definition
| Random events that can change the allele frequency in a population (fire, flood, hunting . . .) |
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Term
| What is a bottle neck effect? |
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Definition
| When genetic drift leaves only a very small number of individuals in a population. |
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Term
| What is an example of a bottle neck effect? |
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Definition
elephant seals; cheetahs;
(any population of an endangered species today that is endangered b/c of genetic drift not natural selection) |
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Term
| What is the Founder Effect? |
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Definition
| When a splinter group from a larger population migrates to a new area and the gene frequencies in their population is different than the larger populations. |
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