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| the view that (a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses and (b) science flourishes through observation and experiment |
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| an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind |
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| a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish |
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| the science of behavior and mental processes |
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| the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors |
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| pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base |
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| scientific study that aims to solve practical problems |
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| a branch of psychology that studies, asseses, and treats people with psychological studies |
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| a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physiciams who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy |
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| the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. ( I knew it all along phenomemon) |
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| thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions |
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| an explanation using an intgrated set of principle that organizes and predicts observations |
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| a testable prediction, oftem implied by a theory |
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| a statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables. For example, intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures |
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| repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in defferent situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances |
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| an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal priciples |
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| a technique for ascertaining the self reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representiative, random sample of the them |
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| all the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study |
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| a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion |
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| observing and recording behavior in naturally occuring situations with out trying to manipulate and control the situation |
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| a statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other |
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| the perception of a relationship where none exists |
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| a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors(independent variables) to observe the effect on some bahavior or mental process (the dependent variable) By random assignment of participants, the experiment controls other relevant factors |
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