Term
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Definition
| Material culture consists of the physical objects (artefacts) such as: cars, mobile phones and books, a society produces which reflects the extent of its cultural knowledge, skills, interests and preoccupations. |
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Term
| What is non-material culture? |
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Definition
| Non-material culture, on the other hand, consists of the knowledge and beliefs that influence people’s behaviour. In our culture behaviour may be influenced by religion (Islamic fundamentalism). politics (vegetarianism) or science (we are happy to go on cruises because the world is round). |
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Term
| Boas argued that Cultural aspects of human behaviour are not biologically based or conditioned but are acquired by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Shared beliefs and values in culture consist of 3 aspects. Name one. |
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Definition
1. Members of culture take for granted.
2. Unite against outside world
3. Reflected & reinforced by stories |
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Term
| Shared actions of culture consist of 2 elements. Name one. |
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Definition
1. Including rituals (often not noticed by participants)
2. Constant “enactment” reinforces it |
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Term
| There are 4 characteristics to culture - name one. |
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Definition
1. Elements of culture have some logical relationship to one another
2 . In some ways, members of a culture share values and norms
3. The way people learn to interact with one another is cultural
4. Types and expression of emotions is cultural |
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Term
| Sub-cultural theory of crime is highly influence by whom? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who studied youths in E. London |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Found evidence of a subculture, but most of them were passing their time trying to get fun out of life. |
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Term
| Sub-culture develops under 2 conditions. Name 1 |
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Definition
When people share similar interests, problems and concerns or have long-standing friendships, they may form a subculture.
Develop when groups of people are excluded from full participation in the wider society. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mass culture is popular culture produced by mass production industrial techniques and is marketed for a profit to a mass public of consumers. |
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| What are the determinants of mass culture? |
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Definition
| The main determinant of mass culture is the profit that production and marketing can make from the potential mass market |
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Term
| What is at risk from mass culture |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An artisitic avante-garde |
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Term
| Who examined a number of definitions of Popular culture |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| High culture, refers to what are (supposedly) the greatest artistic and literary achievements of a society. Clearly, what counts as “the greatest” is going to ultimately be a matter of values - judgements about what should or should not count as high culture. |
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Term
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Definition
| Low culture, on the other hand, refers to a wide variety of cultural themes that are characterised by their production and consumption by “the masses”. At various times, low cultural forms have included the cinema, certain forms of theatre, comics, television (especially soap operas, game shows and the like). |
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Term
| There are arguably 4 contributions to the spread of popular culture .. name one. |
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Definition
1. Industrialization
2. Urbanization
3. Rise of formal education
4. Resultant increase in leisure time |
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Term
| There are a number of charcteristics of popular culture - name 3 |
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Definition
1. Constantly changing
2. Based in large, heterogeneous groups of people
3. Based mainly in urban areas
4. Material goods mass-produced by machines in factories
5. Prevailing money economy
6. More numerous individual relationships, but less personal
7. Weaker family structure
8. Distinct division of labor with highly specialized professions and jobs
9. Considerable leisure time available to most people
10. Police, army, and courts take the place of family and church in maintaining order |
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Term
| There are many criticisms of mass culture - in the lecture you were given 6. Can you name at least one. |
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Definition
1. Working class use elements of mass culture to strike a pose. 2. Consumers are not passive. 3. Pop culture is open to diverse interpretations by different groups. 4. Why should the superiority of elitist values and aesthetics be taken as valid without question? 5. The idea of an idealised past fated to be ruined by mass culture is a myth. 6. Audiences and consuming public are not passive. . |
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