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| Joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in India; acted as a virtually independent government in regions it claimed. |
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| Arranged in 1763 following Seven Years War; granted New France to England in exchange for return of French sugar island in Caribbean. |
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| a seaport on W Kyushu, in SW Japan |
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| part of modern South Africa; was established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652 |
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| Florentine navigator who explored the coast of South America; America was named in his honor (1454-1512). |
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| French monarch of France who was executed during the radical phase of the French Revolution. |
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| an island in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of India. |
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| Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain; he commanded an expedition that was the first to circumnavigate the world (1480-1521) |
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Smallpox: a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars
Measles:contagious viral disease, usually occurring in childhood and characterized by eruption of red spots on the skin, fever, and other symptoms. |
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| slavery, institution based on a relationship of dominance and submission, whereby one person owns another. |
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| British colonies in North America; originally restricted to the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean from New England to Georgia. |
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| Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state |
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| Biological and ecological exchange that took place following Spanish establishment of colonies in New World; peoples of Europe and Africa came to New World; animals, plants, and diseases of two hemispheres were transferred. |
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| French colonies in North America; extended from St. Lawrence River along Great Lakes and down Mississippi River valley system. |
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| Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania (1644-1718) |
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| Nations, usually European, that enjoyed profit from world economy; controlled international banking and commercial services such as shipping; exported manufactured goods for raw materials |
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| Dutch settlers in Cape Colony, in southern Africa. |
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| A country in Asia with a large population. |
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| a geographical region that has economic laws that are more open to new behavior or opinions than a country's typical economic laws |
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| Established by Babur in Indian in 1526; the name is taken from the supposed Mongol descent of Babur, but there is little indication of any Mongol influence in the dynasty, became weak after rule of Aurangzeb in the first decades of 18th century. |
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| People of mixed European and Indian ancestry in Mesoamerica and South America; particularly precalent in areas colonized by Span; often part of forced labor system. |
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| Portuguese prince responsible for directions of series of expeditions along the African coast in the 15th century; marked beginning of western European expansion. |
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| Southern tip of Africa; first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India. |
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| Portuguese factory or fortified trade town located on western India coast; site for forcible entry into Asian sea trade network. |
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| (1632-1704)English philosopher who argued that people could learn everything through senses and reason and that power of government came from the people, not divine right of kings; offered possibility of revolution to overthrow tyrants. |
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| agricultural Bantu workers from West Africa. |
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| Mongol emperor of Hindustan 1658–1707 |
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| Portuguese explorer who reached India by sea. He rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1486, reaching Calicut in 1498, and returning to Portugal in 1499. He was instrumental in helping to establish Portuguese trading communities in India. |
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| the largest city in India and one of the largest cities in the world; located in eastern India |
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| One of two ports in which Europeans were permitted to trade in China during the Ming Dynasty. |
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| First Spanish captain to begin settlement on the mainland of Mesoamerica in 1509; initial settlement eventually led to conquest of Aztec and Inca empires by other captains. |
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| Led conquest of Inca Empire of Peru beginning in 1535; by 1450, most of Inca possessions fell to the Spanish. |
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| the last Inca emperor of Peru, who was put to death by the Spanish under Pizarro |
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| Established by the Europeans by the 16th century; based on control of seas, including the Atlantic and Pacific; created international exchange of foods, diseases, and manufactured products. |
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| Turkish sea power was destroyed in 1571 by a league of Christian nations organized by the Pope |
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| Economic theory that stressed goverments' promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues; popular during 17th and 18th centuries in Europe. |
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| Genoese captain in service of king and queen of Castile and Aragon; successfully sailed to the New World and returned in 1492; initiated European discoveries in the Americas. |
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