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| vassal of Toyotomi Hideyoshi; succeeded him as the most powerful military figure in Japan; granted title of shogun in 1603 and established the Tokugawa shogunate; established political unity in Japan |
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| chinese admiral who led seven overseas trade expeditions under Ming emperor Yunglo btw 1405-1423; demonstrated that the chinese were capable of major ocean exploration |
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| Asian sea trading network |
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| divided from W to E, into 3 zones prior to the Eu arrival; an Arab zone based upon glass, carpets, and tapestries; an Indian zone with cotton textiles; a chinese zone with paper, porcelain, and silks |
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| Indian sect, beginning as a synthesis of Hindu and Muslim faiths; pushed to opposition to muslim and mughal rule |
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| son and successor of Hymayn; built up the military and admin structure of the dy; followed policies of coop and toleration w/ the hindu majority |
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| est by turkic invaders in 1526; endured until the mid 19th century |
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| shi'a religious leaders who traced their descent to ali's successors |
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| safavid shah (1587-1629); extended the emp to its greatest extent; used W milit tech |
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| founded by a turkic nomad family with Shi'a islamic beliefs; est a kingdom in Iran and ruled until 1722 |
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| the conq; ottoman sultan; captured constantinople in 1453 and destroyed byzantine empire |
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| Turkic speaking ppl who advanced into ASia minor during the 14thc; est an emp in Mid E, N af, and E eu that lasted until after WWI |
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| ppl of Eu ancestry born in Spanish New World colonies; dominated local econs; ranked socially below peninsulares |
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| spanish am social sys based on racial origins; eu on top, mixed race in mid, indians and Af slaves ath the bottom |
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| royal courts of appeals est in Spanish New World colonies; staffed by professional magistrates who made and applied laws |
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| major divisions of Spanish new world colonies headed by direct reps of the king; one based in Lima, the orther in Mexico city |
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| rural agr and herding estates; produced for consumers in Am; basis for wealth and power of the local aristocracy |
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| est a new school of econ thought; argued that gov should avoid regulation of the econ in favor of the free play of market forces |
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| intellectual movement centered in france during the 18th century; argued for scientific advance; the application of scientific methods to study human society; believed that rational laws could describe social behavior |
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| eng polit settlement of 1688-1689 which affirmed that parliament had basic sovereignty over the king |
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| concept of God during the scientific rev; the role of divinity was limited to setting natural laws in motion |
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| english scientist; author of principia; drew the various astronomical and physical observations and wider theories together in a neat framework of natural lwas; est principles of motion and defined forces of gravity |
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| process culminating in Eu during the 17th cent; pd of empirical advances associated with the dev of wider theoretical generalizations; became a central focus of W cult |
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| 1640-1660; included religious and constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; ended with restoration of a limited monarchy |
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| ended 30yrs war in 1648; granted right of individual rulers and cities to choose their own religion for their people; netherlands gained independence |
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| 1618-1648 fought betw Germ protestants and their allies and the Holy roman emp and spain; caused great detruction |
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| 1598 grant of tolerance in france to french protestants after length civil wars betw catholic and protestants |
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| french protestant who stressed doctrine of predestination; est cent of his group in Geneva; in the long run encouraged wide public edu and access to gov |
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| cult and intellectual movement of N Eu; inf by earlier italian renaissance; centered in france, low countries, england, and germ; featured greater emphasis on religion that teh italian renaissance |
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| 14th and 15th cent movement infl polit forms, lit, and the arts; consisted largely of a revival of classical cult |
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| regions w/in the world econ tht produced raw materials; dep upon eu markets and shipping; tendency to build sys based on forced or cheap labor |
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| nations usually Eu that profited from from the world econ; contr int'l banking and commercial services; exp't mfg goods and imp't raw materials |
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| Brit,Fr, and Du trading comp's. that obtained gov. monopolies of trade to Ind & Asia; acted ind. in their own regions |
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| The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and tech btw the Ams & the rest of the of the world following Columbus's voyages. |
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| nations, usually Eu, that profited from the World econ; controlled int'l banking and comm. services; exported mfg goods and imported raw materials |
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| the colonial econ policy, by which a colonizing nation must import only from its own colonies, but sell exports as widely as possible |
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| regions w/in the world econ that produced raw materials; dependent upon Eu markets & shipping; tendency to build sys. based on forced & cheap labor |
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| ppl of mixed Eu & Nat. Am. heritage |
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| 14thc & 15thc movement influencing polit forms, lit, and the art; consisted largely of a revival of classical cult |
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| philosophy, or ideology, w/ a focus on humanity as the cent. of intellectual and artistic endeavor |
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| cult & intellectual movement of N. Eu; influenced by earlier Italian Renaissance; centered in Fr., low countries, Eng., and Germ; featured greater emphasis on religion that the Italian Renaissance |
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| Intro movable type to W. Eu in the 15thc; greatly expanded the availability of printed materials |
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| Germ. Catholic monk who initiated the Protestant Reformation; emphasized the primacy of faith for gaining salvation in place of Catholic Sacraments; rejected papal authority |
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| general wave of relgious dissent against the Catholic church; formally began w/ Martin Luther in 1517 |
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