Term
What were the problems for new nations created in the wake of European colonial withdrawal?
Not:
34.1 |
|
Definition
divisions between different ethnic groups and religions, underdeveloped economies, concessions made to departing colonizers
NOT: reconquest by Europeans |
|
|
Term
Why have ethnic rivalries and communal violence been endemic in decolonized African states?
34.2 |
|
Definition
| Europeans hastily colonized Africa and established boundaries without reference to ethnicgroups or cultural homogeneity. |
|
|
Term
The fragmentation of Pakistan resulted from the 1972 independence of
34.3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Ibo people failed to sustain an independent state of Biafra because they could not secede from
34.4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What were the attitudes of African leaders with respect to altering unnatural political boundaries created during the colonial era?
34.5 |
|
Definition
| African leaders seek to maintain boundaries for fear that adjustment could provide precedents for dissident minorities in their own states. |
|
|
Term
What was the most formidable barrier to economic growth in post-colonial Africa?
34.6 |
|
Definition
| . rapid population growth |
|
|
Term
European colonizers contributed to African population growth by:
NOT:
34.7 |
|
Definition
reducing local warfare and preventing the spread of epidemic diseases and famine. This allowed the death rate to decreased while keeping the birth rate the same.
NOT: by encouraging immigration of large numbers of whites. |
|
|
Term
A chief consequence of population growth in the third world has been
34.8 |
|
Definition
| mass migrations to cities |
|
|
Term
What did cities in the third world lack that made it possible for cities in the West to successfully absorb a large number of immigrants?
34.9 |
|
Definition
| expanding industrial sectors |
|
|
Term
What were the problems in the rural environment of third world countries?
NOT:
34.10 |
|
Definition
depletion of soil, inefficient farming techniques, industrial pollution, deforestation
NOT: insufficient labor supply |
|
|
Term
On what have third world countries traditionally depended to finance industrialization?
34.11 |
|
Definition
Sale of cash crops and
minerals |
|
|
Term
In what export commodity have some third world nations been able to improve the terms under which they participate in the global economy?
34.12 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Neocolonialism refers to
34.13 |
|
Definition
continued relegation of
the Third World to
economic dependency
after decolonization |
|
|
Term
What were the drawbacks to accepting investment capital from first and second world nations?
NOt:
34.14 |
|
Definition
| NOT: excessively high rates of interest |
|
|
Term
What was Kwame Nkrumah’s response to failure of his programs of social reform and economic uplift?
34.15 |
|
Definition
He forcibly crushed all
opposition parties and
assumed dictatorial
powers. |
|
|
Term
Was Nkrumah’s Ghana traditionally associated with ancient Ghana?
34.16 |
|
Definition
| was actually the old Gold Coast and had little to do with the ancient kingdom, which had been located farther north. |
|
|
Term
Kwame Nkrumah’s political and economic programs
34.17 |
|
Definition
Led to failed
development schemes
and his eventual ouster
from power in 1966 |
|
|
Term
One of the most common elements of African and Asian governments since decolonization is
34.18 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which countries experienced military takeovers of their governments following decolonization?
NOT:
34.19 |
|
Definition
b. nigeria
c. vietnam
d. south africa
e. ghana
NOt: INdia |
|
|
Term
What were the factors explaining the frequency of military takeovers in third world nations?
NOT:
34.20 |
|
Definition
A) Regimentation rendered soldiers more resistant to division by religious and ethnic rivalries.
B) Military forces in Third World nations often received support from the Soviet bloc.
C) The military possessed a monopoly of force essential in restoring order during political crisis.
D) Military personnel possessed some technical training that was often lacking among civilian nationalist leaders.
NOT: ppl favored strong military |
|
|
Term
One of the worst examples of a military regime in the third world was
34.21 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Muslim Brotherhood, an Egyptian reform movement founded in 1928 was led by
34.22 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Muslim Brotherhood embraced the following:
NOt:
34.23 |
|
Definition
religious unity.
C) the promotion of trade unions.
D) land reform.
E) a fundamentalist approach to Islam.
NOt:nonviolence |
|
|
Term
The Khedive Farouk was toppled from power in 1952 by a coup led by
34.24 |
|
Definition
| the Free Officers Movement. |
|
|
Term
The man who emerged as the head of the Egyptian government following the 1952 coup was
34.25 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The military government of Egypt after 1952 attempted the following reforms:
NOT:
34.26 |
|
Definition
land redistribution schemes limiting the amount of land a single individual could own.
B) state-financed education through the college level.
C) state subsidies to lower the price of food staples.
E) government employment programs.
NOt: an isolationist foreign policy
to minimize military
expenses. |
|
|
Term
The Egyptians forced the British and French out of the Suez Canal Zone in
34.27 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The cornerstone of Egyptian development after 1952 was _____________
34.28 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In what ways did Anwar Sadat alter Egyptian policies established by the 1952 government?
34.29 |
|
Definition
He ended the costly
confrontation with
Israel after 1973. |
|
|
Term
How was India Similar to Egypt following decolonization?
34.30 |
|
Definition
emphasis on
socialism and state
intervention |
|
|
Term
In what ways did China and Vietnam differ from other third world nations?
35.1 |
|
Definition
| The traditional patterns of civ in China and Viet collapsed whereas most colonized ppl managed to retain much of their precolonial cultures |
|
|
Term
What was destroyed in China and Vietnam as a result of a combination of external aggression and internal upheavals ?
35.2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The last Manchu emperor abdicated when?
35.3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What foreign power played a major role in Chinese domestic history from the mid-1890s to 1945?
35.4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The leader of the revolutionary alliance, a loose coalition of anti-Qing groups that spearheaded the 1911 revolt was _______
35.5 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Japan gained influence in China by seizing the concessionary areas of what European power during WW I?
35.6 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What was the initial goal of the May Fourth movement?
35.7 |
|
Definition
| The creation of a liberal democracy along Western lines |
|
|
Term
How did early Chinese Marxist philosophy differ from that of Lenin’s?
35.8 |
|
Definition
| The study circle at the university of Beijing saw the peasants as the vanguard of revolution |
|
|
Term
Early Marxist philosophers in China characterized all of China’s society as--
35.9 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In 1919, Sun Yat-sen returned to China and attempted to unify the various political organizations struggling for political influence in China by reorganizing the revolutionary movement under what name?
35.10 |
|
Definition
| Nationalist Party of China |
|
|
Term
Who governed india in in the first decades after independence
34.31 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
More than any other major third world nation india was successful at preserving
34.32 |
|
Definition
| civil rights and democracy |
|
|
Term
Who was brought to power in iran in 1979 through radical revolution
34.33 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In many respects the iranian revolution of 1979 resembled
34.34 |
|
Definition
| the mahdist revolution in the sudan in the 1880s |
|
|
Term
Development schemes in iran were forestalled because of
34.35 |
|
Definition
| a lengthy and exhausting border war with neighboring iraq |
|
|
Term
What european colonizer other than britain was able to hold on to its colonies in africa into the mid 1970s
34.36 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
From 1948 south african politics were dominated by
34.37 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What were the homelands established by the governments of south africa
34.38 |
|
Definition
| areas designated for the main ethnolinguistic groups of indigenous ppls with in south africa |
|
|
Term
How did south africa suppress dissent among the black population
34.39 |
|
Definition
| use of state programs to improve the condition of the black township |
|
|
Term
One of the signs of slightly diminished racial tensions in south africa in 1990 was the freeing of this leader
34.40 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What was the impact of the japanese invasion of on the relative strengths of the struggle between nationalists and communists
35.21 |
|
Definition
| jap victories robbed the nationalists of their supporters in the southern cities and diminished chiands military reputation as savior of china |
|
|
Term
In what way was the chinese communist takeover of china different than the bolshevik seizure of power in russia
35.22 |
|
Definition
| To chinese communist claimed a unified country and did not experience years of civil war and foreign intervention |
|
|
Term
The chinese army remained clearly -------- to the communist party
35.23 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Characterize chinese foreign policy during the 1950s and 60s
Not:
35.24 |
|
Definition
| Not: china was able to achieve a close alliance with the emerging 3rd world gov in india as means of uniting the major pwrs of asia |
|
|
Term
Characterize chinese domestic policy during the 1950s and 60s
35.25 |
|
Definition
| with the intro of the first 5 yr plan in 1953 the communist leadership turned away from the peasantry |
|
|
Term
What was maos 1958 program of pushing industrialization through small scale projects integrated into the peasant
35.26 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How did China respond to its population problem in the middle 1960s?
35.27 |
|
Definition
| limiting urban couples to 2 children and rural to one |
|
|
Term
By 1960, Mao lost his position as State Chairman because----
35.28 |
|
Definition
| of the failure of the great leap forward |
|
|
Term
Which “pragmatists” came to power following Mao’s fall in 1960?
35.29 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What were the Chinese Communist party’s attitudes toward women?
NOt:
35.30 |
|
Definition
| NOt: women proved themselves |
|
|
Term
Mao’s last campaign, launched in 1965, was the ----
35.31 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Typically during the 1980s, the Chinese government exemplified---
NOT:
35.32 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What precondition for revolution in Vietnam was not similar to that in China?
35.33 |
|
Definition
| actual colonization by a European power |
|
|
Term
From the 17th century, Vietnam had been part of the colonial system of---
35.34 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
By what decade did the French manage to achieve control over all of Vietnam?
35.35 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In what way was the early nationalist organization in Vietnam similar to other third world nations?
35.36 |
|
Definition
| it was composed of a western educated middle class |
|
|
Term
By the late 1920s, the leader of the Vietnamese Communist Party was-----
35.37 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Communists-dominated nationalist movement in Vietnam during World War II was called the----
35.38 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Vietnamese nationalists in 1954 decidedly defeated the French at---
35.39 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
To oppose communism in Vietnam, the U.S. propped up _____in the south.
35.40 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Communist opposition to the U.S. supported Diem regime in the south was known as----
35.41 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Americans withdrew from Vietnam in 1975 which precipitated ----
35.42 |
|
Definition
| the collapse of the unpopular military regime in South |
|
|
Term
What modern values in China and Vietnam represent a departure from traditional Chinese culture?
35.43 |
|
Definition
| abandonment of confucianism |
|
|
