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| interested in the social world which humans have created and continue to create |
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| believe that only the strongest persons should control the resources of a society |
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| believed the notion that social institutions reinforce and legitimize class divisions |
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| the discipline that studies such disparate subjects as the environment, religion, politics, criminality, organization, and so on |
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| has taken a turn toward the social sciences in its studies of the social impact of government on groups and individuals |
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| the social science that deals with human use of the natural enviroment. |
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| structural-functionalist explanation of social stratification |
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| there is a limited number of skilled, talented people; thus, they should be rewarded. |
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| the study of human group behavior |
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| Marx's view of social class |
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| private ownership of the means of production perpetuates class divisions |
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| most functional factors in stratification |
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| dimensions of stratification |
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| believed that class is closely related to life chances. |
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| a process that intervenes to ensure that organisms achieve an adjustment to their enviroment that is benficial |
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| a prehuman who lived from about 4.5 million to 1 million years ago. Some researchers maintain that this type of prehuman is not a direct ancestor of modern humans but rather is a contemporary of an upright-walkingg, meat-eating, large-brained species that survived; others insist that Australopithecus is on the human ancestral line. |
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| carriers of genes, or the hereditary blueprints of organisms. Each human inherits a set of 23 chromosomes from each parent. |
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| the closes predecessors or perhaps contemporaries of modern humans, who lived about 35,000 years ago. They were expert toolmakers and artists, and they lived in tribes that displayed evidence of rules and kinship systems |
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| change in gene frequencies is promoted because an adaptation to a new enviroment is needed. |
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| Deoxribonucleic acid. A complex bochemical substance that is the basic building block of life. It determines the inheritance of specific traits. |
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| a theory that explains change in living organisms and variation within species. Evolution functions according to processes of natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, and speciation. |
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| the movement of genes from one gene pool to another. It results in new combinations of genes in the offspring |
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| the proportion in which the various genes occur in an inbreeeding population |
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| all of the genetic material available to a population to be inherited by the next generation. |
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| hereditary units that transmit an individuals traits. They are contained in the chromosomes and made up of DNA |
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| the flutuations in frequencies of specific traits in a smal, isolated population, so that visible differences between an isolated population and the population from which it broke away become obvious. |
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| the actual genetic composition of an organism, which is not necessarily expressed. |
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| prehuman creatures who walked on two feet |
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| the upright hominid thought to be a direct ancestor of moder humans. |
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| a species whose fossils date back 75,000 years (or perhaps 195,000 years) and includes Neanderthals. |
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| species label for the modern humans |
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| a permanent change in genetic material |
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| a process of evolution in which random traits are tested for their survival value; the successful traits are passed on, while organisms possessing less successful traits eventually become extinct. |
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| a subspecies of Homo sapiens whose fossil remains date from 70,000 to 35,000 years ago. They are known to have buried their dead. |
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| the physical, or outward, appearance of an organism. |
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| an order of mammals to which monkeys, apes, and humans belong. |
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| a hominoid having homnid-like features, dated between 14 and 8 million years ago. |
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| when natural selection promotes the status quo rather than change, because change would be detrimental to organism's adaptation to its enviroment |
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