Distinguish between r and k-selected species.  Provide an example vertebrate species of each.

1. r selected species: Species that produce many small offspring in hopes that some with survive (Rockfish)
2. K selected species: Species that produce very few offspring, but each is larger, stronger and more likely to survive (White sharks)

What makes a species a pest?  What are some reasons why one might consider a species a pest?  What are some potential approaches to dealing with pests?

1. Pest is a point of view, not biological
2. One might consider a species a pest because of agricultural competition, hunting and fishing competition, public safety, health reasons (diseases), nuisance, biodiversity
3. Density reduction, habitat modification, change distribution, change behavior, live with wildlife

Name four reasons why species are deliberately introduced?

Deliberate

i.      Aesthetic

ii.      Commercial value

iii.      Hunting and fishing

iv.      Pest control

v.      Released domestic animals 

Byproduct

i.      Trade and travel

ii.      Altered habitat

What is an Alien species? What is another term for an alien sp.? Give three examples of alien species that can be found in Davis (our fair city).

1. Any species brought by human action into an area to which it is not native
2. Invasive species
3. Eastern fox squirrels, honey bees, argentine ant

Explain how an alien species can increase local biodiversity but decrease global biodiversity.

What is the Frankenstein Effect?  Provide an example.

1. Introduction of alien species for good reason, often with unexpected negative consequences

                                                              i.      Stocking of trout in mountain lakes is killing native frogs

What is meant by the term ecological imperialism?

Dr. Moyle outlined 5 strategies for aquatic conservation: What are they?  In your opinion, which is most appropriate and why?

1. Species
2. Clusters of species
3. Communities
4. Watershed
5. Ecosystem management

Why is the loss of aquatic biodiversity so high in California? (6)

a.      Aquatic systems are limited in area

b.      Humans concentrate around water

c.       Water is valuable

d.      Aquatic systems- sumps

e.      Aquatic systems are easily invaded (striped bass)

f.        Underwater is invisible

What is conservation biology?  Conservation biology synthesizes two major fields of study, what are these fields?

a.      Conservation biology is an integrated approach to conservation encompassing three fields: biological fields, natural resources fields, and social sciences

b.      The manor two fields of study are ecological and economical

How are humans contributing to global climate change?  Be able to cite examples of species affected by climate change and explain how climate change is affecting or changing their niche.

a.      By releasing CO₂ into the atmosphere faster than the earth can take it back in, habitat loss causing loss of biodiversity and other reasons

b.      Polar bears: spend more time on land as the sea ice melts, effecting the fitness and reproductive capabilities of the bears

Special concern

What are the two main things that the Theory of Island Biogeography (Chapter 9) teaches us about reserve design?  What are some other components we might consider adding to reserves to improve their ability to protect species?  What is an edge effect?

The Theory of Island Biogeography tells us that larger islands have more biodiversity and islands closer to the mainland have more biodiversity, thus we should consider creating reserves with the largest area and the least perimeter.  The closer a reserve resembles a circle the more area and less perimeter it will have in order to reduce the edge effect. 

Problems with fishery sustainability because we don’t allow enough LEP for each fish to replace themselves.  This occurs because we do not know the LEP like the weird relative will.  Fish are common property and there is competition.