Term
| Dangers facing small populations (2) |
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Definition
| Genetic and random events |
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Term
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Definition
| Population bottleneck and Inbreeding depression |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic variability becomes so small it can reduce a species adaptability, even if the population grows large again |
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Term
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Definition
| when individuals of a small population only mate with each other causing genetic diseases |
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Term
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Definition
| to preserve royal blood lines, individuals were encouraged to marry cousins. Hemophilia is a disease where the clotting factor in blood does not work |
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Term
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Definition
| unexpected or unpredictable events that can have dramatic effects on population numbers |
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Term
| Environmental fluctuations |
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Definition
| drought, fire, hurricanes, floods; all natural part of ecosystem. But if species has low population number, natural occurrences can wipe out a population in the blink of an eye |
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Term
| Population Viability Analysis (PVA) |
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Definition
| a statistical method used to assess risk of extinction; an attempt to determine if a species has the ability to persist in a given environment |
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Term
| Minimum viable population size (MVP) |
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Definition
| the smallest population size that has 99% chance of remaining not going extinct for 1000 years. The fewest number of individuals of a species that can maintain a population for the foreseeable future |
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Term
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Definition
| when species has reached it MVP, ex-situ is needed. Is essentially taking species out of its place; creating captive breeding programs |
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Term
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Definition
creating protected areas (reserves), there are different types (partial, extractive) |
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Term
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Definition
| conservation specifically for one species, very difficult to find large plots of land free of human interaction to preserve a single species. Establishments of extractive or multi-use reserves have now been created |
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Term
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Definition
| alternative to strictly species conservation and to focus on protection efforts on an entire habitat or community |
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Term
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Definition
| large natural areas are more likely to protect diverse communities of species and their ecosystems than small ones |
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Term
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Definition
| what used to be a large portion of habitat is now broken into small pieces due to clear cutting and use as inhabitance |
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Term
| The Theory of Island Biogeography |
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Definition
1. 1. Larger islands tend to have species then small islands, 2. Islands close to the mainland tend to have more species than islands farther away |
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Term
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Definition
include as many species as possible, use corridors to connect larger protected areas |
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Term
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Definition
generally make the fragmented habitat less attractive and less hospitable to plants and animals that normally live in the deep interior of a forest; edge effects increase as fragment size decreases, meaning that small fragmented pieces are worse for habitat protection than large fragments |
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Term
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Definition
an area surrounding a protected area that reduces the impact of development |
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Term
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Definition
entire drainage basin of a given stream or river, from ridge-top to mouth |
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Term
Criteria for prioritizing conservation (3) |
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Definition
| distinctiveness, utility, threat |
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Term
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Definition
| preserving an entire distinct species is clearly more important than saving population of species with numerous representatives |
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Term
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Definition
| when evaluating what to save we clearly have to evaluate utility from natural systems |
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Term
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Definition
| saving the most beleaguered species and ecosystems first; when establishing priorities, it is important to focus on the areas that are most at risk |
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