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| 1862 Government gave 160 acres of land to head of a family-over 21. Each homesteader had to live on the land, build a home, and farm for 5 years. $18 filing fee and the land was theirs. However a large part of the land was Native American land. |
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| 1830-forced Native Americans to leave their land and move to reservations in what is now Oklahoma |
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| A forced march of Native Americans by U.S. government and army in 1830 to the reservations in Oklahoma. Conditions were bad, 4000 Cherokees died, 25% of the marchers.White settlers wanted Native Americans to learn farming and what whites called "civilized ways". |
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| *felt land could not be owned *hunted buffalo for clothes, shelter, tools, food, blankets *didn't like being forced to live on reservations which were made up of the worst land *many died from starvation *lived within nature |
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| *owning land meant controlling it *hunted buffalo for food and hides to sell for money-killed buffalo to give food to the railroad workers *opened businesses, stores and created towns on land that had been Native American land |
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| native americans thought they were being taken advantage of by white settlers *forced to leave their land and move to reservations *land reserved for the native americans *conditions were bad *u.s. gov. promised them food, supplies while they learned to farm. Most food promised never made it to the camps as it was stolen or sold *also promised tools and lessons on how to farm- *Many died of starvation as they were unfamiliar with new foods *worst land was set aside for reservations * |
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| the name of new town that rose up and was crowded with people going west for the gold rush-any town that experiences sudden growth in population because of economic growth |
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| James Marshall found gold at Sutters Mill on January 4, 1848. Word got out |
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| Swiss immigrant who built Sutters Fort where gold was discovered in 1848 |
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| passed by Congress -sponsored by U.S. Senator Dawes The aim of the act was to absorb tribe members into the national society. The native americans were offered 160 acres of land to replace tribal land.The Dawes act was a disaster for the Native Americans. Its goal was to make them farmers and be more like the white man. The native americans lost their identity, couldn't farm and the promise by the U.S. gov to teach them to farm failed. Native americans lost most of the land given to them |
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| hunger and hatred of reservation life cause Native Americans to rebel-attacked white settlements- furious at the white man's destruction of the buffalo herd Spring 1876- about 3500 Sioux and cheyenne warriors gathered at Little Bighorn river in the black Hills of Dakota-their leader Sitting Bull hated reservation life Custer was greedy and wanted the glory of victory to himself. 225 of his men died. the only survivor of Custer's Last Stand was a horse named Comanche |
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| School in Pennsylvania where Indian Children who were taken from their parents and homes. They had to dress like White settlers, learn white ways and take white names. Their hair was cut off and they could not practice their culture and customs. whites tried to kill the culture of the children learned carpentry, cooking, sewing, |
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| Began in Independence Missouri Ended in Willamette Valley Oregon Crossing Rivers-unload wagon, take it apart, rebuild and load. .Climbing mountains-pulleys and ropes to haul wagons up steep roads-many tumbled down sides of mountains |
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| Transcontinental Railroad |
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| Connected country through RR. started in East from Omaha, Nebraska West from Sacramento, California Met at Promontory Summit in Utah Leland Stanford drove golden spike to join the two parts May 10, 1869 Purpose-connect country-shipping goods quickly, travel and $ for business |
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| African American Pioneers |
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| went west for freedom, jobs -started colored conventions for equal rights and better schools became farmers and were active in town life |
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| went west for new life-their families were going, made permanent settlements in the west |
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| mexican cowboys were called vacqueros went to herd/sell cattle gambled, drank and told stories |
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| went west for religious freedom, made the desert thrive with new farming methods |
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| went west for money-built and funded the railroad |
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| went west for 1849 gold rush mined for gold which was discovered in 1848 settled farms increased the population of california which helped get it statehood |
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| went west for jobs escaped a civil war in China- worked in mines for less money- worked on railroads for less money -pioneers hated the Chinese because they worked for less money |
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| went west for a new life.1846 Leader was George Donner-thought he had a shortcut got trapped in the mountains-winter many died- had to use cannibalism to survive many died on the trail |
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| Cherokkes tried to learn "civilized ways" devised an alphabet to learn to read and write-86 symbols operated schools and ran businesses |
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| grew into a big city because of gold rush- |
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