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Started in the mid 1300s in Italy
Cut the population in half by 1400
Came about in trade because of fleas from the rats in the grain
Swept quickly because of crowded cities, illiteracy, lack of scientific knowledge
Led to the lessening of the Church because of lack of help & knowledge
More innovations, & people moved to cities
Kings become VERY powerful |
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Invented the printing press in the mid 1400s
Facilitated the printing of books
Book became cheaper so more people read & became literate
Scientific & Renaissance ideas could now be read
Spread revolutionary ideas
Bible was read & interpreted by individuals |
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Began in the 1620s
Fought as a religious conflict between Catholics & Protestants
James I tried to combine Protestants & Catholics with the King James Bible
READ MORE ON THIS |
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Member of Parliament upset when Charles I recalls Parliament in the mid 1600s
Starts a war with, captures & executes Charles I for trying to be an Absolute ruler
Becomes an Absolute ruler of England for 10 years |
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| The Bill of Rights of 1688 |
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After James II was run out Mary & William were put into power after the Glorious Revolution of 1688
Forced to agree to the Bill of Rights
Limits the power of the king
Sets the rights and rules for freedom of speech of Parliament
The right to petition
This was what made England a “Constitutional Monarch” |
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Takes over in the late 1600s after his brother Charles II
Too catholic (England = Protestant)
Had a daughter Mary married to William & both were protestant
People figured he’d die but instead had a son so war was declared
He did not fight, “The Glorious Revolution of 1688” came about
William & Mary named rulers |
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| The Glorious Revolution of 1688 |
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People were waiting for James II to die (too catholic)
Instead, he had a son so the people declared war
James II did not fight, Mary & William were put into power
Led to England becoming a Constitutional Monarch |
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Established in the late 1500s to the late 1700s
Fighting against the French put them in debt
Could not compete with England for trade & colonies
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Became the czar of Russia in the late 1600s
Wanted to rule like Louis XIV
Took control of the Christian Church
Created a secret police force
Eastern Absolute Monarch |
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Passed in the late 1500s by Henry IV
Made because Huguenots (French Protestants) were being executed
Aims for religious tolerance
Marks the end of the religious wars in France
Brought peace & unity
Secures Henry & family’s later claim for more power |
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Louis XIII becomes king of France at age 9 in the early 1600s
As the advisor he would send spies to keep an eye out
Assured taxes were collected by his people
Limited the arms of nobility
Helped establish an “Absolute Monarch” |
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French Protestants (Calvinists) in the 1500s
Were being religiously persecuted out of France
Criticized the Catholic Church
Many eventually moved or converted to Catholicism |
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Both studied planets & astronomy
Derived the laws of planetary motion in the early 1600s
K: role in the historical development of astronomy and natural philosophy
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Uses the newly invented microscope to study the stars
First published “The Starry Messenger” and continued on to claim that the Earth revolved around the Sun
Is tried but only after 300 years later his theory is accepted
Played major roles in the scientific revolution |
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