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| ○ the battle on 18 June 1815 in which Prussian and British forces under Blucher and the Duke of Wellington routed the French forces under Napoleon. Forced Napoleon to exile to island of St. Helena where he died in prison of cancer while writing his memoirs. |
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| ○ Meeting in the aftermath of Napoleonic Wars (1815) to restore political stability in Europe and settle diplomatic disputes. Headed by Metternich and first example of attempting to equalize superpowers of Europe |
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| ○ Superpower during the time of the revolution. After the congress of Vienna, the Concert of Europe was established and 4 nations including this one, Austria, Great Britain, and Russia balanced power to maintain the map of Europe |
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| ○ Novel wrote by Émile Zola's Often considered Zola's masterpiece and one of the most significant novels in the French tradition, the novel - an uncompromisingly harsh and realistic story of a coalminers' strike in northern France in the 1860s. |
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| ○ A constitution granted by King Louis XVIII of France shortly after his restoration. guaranteed many of the rights that most other countries in western Europe had at that time including, "Frenchmen are equal before the law, whatever may be their titles and ranks" as well as "every one may profess his religion with equal freedom, and shall obtain for his worship the same protection". |
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| ○ a naval battle in 1805 off the southwest coast of Spain; the French and Spanish fleets were defeated by the English under Nelson (who was mortally wounded) |
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| ○ Republican government of France between the 1848 Revolution and the coup by Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte which initiated the Second Empire. It officially adopted the motto "Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité." |
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| ○ An English agricultural pioneer who helped bring about the British Agricultural Revolution. He perfected a horse-drawn seed drill in 1701 that economically sowed the seeds in neat rows, and later a horse-drawn hoe. His methods were adopted by many large landowners, and they helped form the basis of modern agriculture. |
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| ○ English leader and entrepreneur of industrial revolution. Credited for invention of spinning frame (waterframe) and creator of modern factory system |
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| ○ System of fencing up lands for specific purposes, such as raising livestock or planting cash crops, adopted by land owners to retain wealth and make farming market oriented during Industrial Revolution. |
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| ○ A younger brother to Kings Louis XVI and Louis XVIII. His rule of almost six years came to an end in 1830 due to the July Revolution, which ignored his attempts to keep the crown in his family and instead elected Louis Philippe as King of the French. He was exiled again. |
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| ○ a set of decrees that dissolved the newly elected Chamber, further restricted the already narrow suffrage, and stripped away the remaining liberty of the press. These decrees made public on the 26th, completed the polarization process and ensured that the confrontation would be violent. |
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| ○ the ruler of the Second French Empire. He was the nephew and heir of Napoleon I. |
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| ○ Prime minister of France and Education during Louis Philippe's rule as "citizen king." Supported Louis Philippe's restriction of suffrage to property owning men and famous for quote "enrich yourselves" then you can vote. |
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| ○ "spinning frame" invention of British entrepreneur Richard Arkwright that produced stronger thread/yard powered by water. |
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| ○ English inventor during Industrial Revolution with an early design of the modern steam engine. |
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| ○ Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer during Industrial Revolution with many notable inventions such as improvements to the steam engine and the invention of a copy machine |
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| ○ Island where Napoleon Bonaparte was exiled to after his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. Napoleon died his of sickness while writing his memoirs in a British jail. |
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○ second novel by English author Charles Dickens
○ the book calls the public's attention to various contemporary evils, including the Poor Law, child labour and the recruitment of children as criminals. |
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| ○ first water-powered cotton spinning mill developed by Richard Arkwright |
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| ○ a forefather of the Industrial Revolution who invented Steam Engine named after him that pumped out still water from coal mines |
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| ○ Machine breaking" (industrial sabotage) was subsequently made a capital crime by this decree in England |
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| ○ France's executive power between 1795 and 1799. Overthrown by a coupe led by Napoleon in which he established the Consulate. |
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| ○ On of the most serious Luddite attacks occurred here. Led by George Mellor, the attack occurred on April 11, 1812. The Luddites failed in gain entry and two of the croppers were killed. |
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| ○ British prime minister assassinated by man with grievances against govt. for not being compensated for his unjust imprisonment in Russia. |
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| ○ System imposed by Napoleon in his efforts to suppress Great Britain. The system called for a trade embargo against all British merchants and required purchase of good from French. Ultimately failed because of black market trade and France's inability to receive raw goods from Britain. |
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| ○ A young cropper from Huddersfield, who led the attack on Rawfolds Mill. One of Leaders of Luddites |
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| ○ The return of Napoleon from his exile on the island of Elba. Napoleon was joined by loyal soldiers on his march to retake Paris but was defeated at Waterloo and was returned to exile again at St. Helena |
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| ○ Invention by James Hargreaves which could spin 8threads at once, revolutionizing textile industry and making spinning wheels obsolete. |
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| ○ the extreme right wing of the royalist movement in France during the Second Restoration (1815–30). They represented the interests of the large landowners, the aristocracy, clericalists, and former émigrés. Opposed egalitarian and secularizing principles of the Revolution, but did not aim at restoring the ancien régime; concerned with manipulating France’s new constitutional machinery to regain the assured political and social predominance of their interests. |
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| ○ known as the Citizen King. 1773--1850, king of the French (1830--48). His régime became excessively identified with the bourgeoisie and he was forced to abdicate by the revolution of 1848. Restricted suffrage to property owners which only increased total population able to vote by 3% |
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| • Charles “Turnip” Townshend |
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| ○ Found the secret to healthy fields instead of leaving it to fallow was just to rotate the crops. This was done by planting a different crop each year. While wheat or corn would wear out the land, turnips or clover would restore the field. (hence the nickname turnip) |
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| ○ A revolution staged by the citizens of France, whose only source of income was the National Workshops. People sabotaged the machinery with sabots (wooden clogs) |
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| ○ Island where napoleon was exiled to the first time after abdicating the throne after his defeat in Russia |
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| ○ Inventor of spinning jenny and leader in British textile industry during Industrial Revolution |
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| • Grand Armee de la Rusise |
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| ○ Army assembled by Napoleon to destroy the Russians during Napoleonic Wars. Consisted of almost 600,000 multicultural soldiers gathered from defeating different European nations. |
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| ○ French political thinker and historian. Supported liberty and democracy. "It is easier for the world to accept a simple lie than a complex truth." "the world is sitting on a volcano" |
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| ○ French civil code, established under Napoléon I in 1804. The code forbade privileges based on birth, allowed freedom of religion, and specified that government jobs go to the most qualified. |
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| ○ French politician and historian. A socialist who favored reforms, he called for the creation of cooperatives in order to guarantee employment for the urban poor. |
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| ○ 19th century English workmen who destroyed laborsaving machinery that they thought would cause unemployment |
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| ○ English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882) |
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| ○ British admiral who won fame as a leading naval commander. He is famous for his participation in the Napoleonic Wars, most notably in the Battle of Trafalgar, where he lost his life. |
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| Took power in France following Napoleon's defeat at the battle of nations in Leipzig when the defeating nations refused to recognize Napoleons son (napoleon II) as ruler of France. Set up The Charter |
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| ○ balance of power that existed in Europe between the end of the Napoleonic Wars (1815) until the outbreak of the First World War (1914) |
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| ○ French novelist and critic; defender of Dreyfus in treason scandal (1840-1902) ○ Important exemplar of the literary school of naturalism and author of Germinal |
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| ○ Key figure in The Concert of Europe which drew upon his ideas and the notion of a balance of power in international relations; that the ambitions of each Great Power was curbed by the other |
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| • The Craftsmanship Ethic |
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○ ***unsure of exact definition, please check***
○ An ethic of romanticism, hedonism, and individualism in marketing industry which gave legitimacy to the search for pleasure as a good in itself and included pleasure in self expression through ownership of material goods |
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