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reforming emperor(or "augusti") of the Roman Empire
tetrarchy- rule by four |
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the first emperor to condone christianity
moved capital to constantinople |
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*paul(saul of tarsus) spread christianity to the gentiles, specifically the greeks
*through constantine it became the imperial family's favored religion
*later to become the official religion of the roman empire |
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*theology had an influence on protestantism
*how could humans be so sinful if we were created by such a good god?
*predestination
*on the city of god |
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| *latin translation of the bible called the vulgate which became official catholic bible translation |
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| term for the holy war that each man fougjht against passion and ignorance- aims at spreading islam |
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1) faith
2) prayer
3) charity
4) fasting during the month of ramadan
5) pilgimage to mecca |
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largest worship house in christendom
*in constantinople
*justian built it |
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frankish ruler
*added lombardy and saxony to the frankish kingdoms
*christian conversion of pagan peoples
*crowned by pope leo the 3rd to be the holy roman emperor |
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| crowned charlemagne to be the holy roman emperor |
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| economic structure of the early middle ages |
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*declining cities
*two tier economy- gold and wealth circulated among the wealthy, but the lower classes were forced to make due with currency substitutes and bartering |
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| the sin of buying into church offices |
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*an order of friars
*sought to fight heresy and convert muslims and jews to christianity |
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an order of friars
*sense of emotional fervor
*lived like the apostles and preached out on the streets |
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| a contemplative monastic order founded by reformist benedictines in france |
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*disagreement between pope gregory the seventh and king henry the 4th of germany: the pope wanted the power back to appoint high church offices, which the king had been doing
*the concordat of worms decided that it was the pope's power to do this |
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| called for the 4th crusade which was a disaster |
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there were 7, most were disasterous, they wanted to recapture jerusalem
*against muslims
*about getting money, land, and power for the rich
*people who went on them were promised salvation by the pope |
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theology and philosophy of western christendom in the middle ages
* |
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| a philosopher and a theologian of scholasticism |
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pointed arcs
*flying buttresses
*multiple columns
*gargoyles
*stained glass windows |
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rounded arcs,
*big stone walls
*many support columns
*full- length human figures on the walls |
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trouble with the papacy
*made the avignon papacy
*excommunicated by pope boniface the eighth |
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| european social group that began during the plague, believed that the plague was god's wrath- so they performed religious penance by beating themselves |
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| the winning weapon of the english in the 100 years war |
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| very sucessful king of england |
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