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| dominant early settlers on Italian peninsula, non-Indo speaking people, established confederation of independent city states in in north central Italy, Romans borrowed ideas from them |
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| 200 year sturggle between patricians and the plebians, plebians were forced into war and could not take office and resulted in plebian rebellion |
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| the laws plebians made and brought to senate |
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| system by Gaius Gracchus, tax collection was put to individuals or groups, then the group or individual paid the taxes for the area |
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| founded as phoencian colony but develpoed into city-staten and was superior to rome |
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| carthage commander, consideered to be one of the greatest miliary tacticians in history, was defeated in the first punic war |
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| the war between carthage and rome, started because rome feared carthage would control messina, 23 years of fighing, carthage forced to give away sicily to rome |
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| Tiberius and Gaius; Tib wanted gov lands to the landless but opposed, senators murdered him and his followers. Gaius reancated the land law and added several laws such as the tax farming, and he was killed too by the senate |
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| the alliance of ceasar, Crassus, and Magnus and broke at ceasar's death |
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| first emperor of roman empire, later named Julius Caesar. |
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| Patron-Client Relationship |
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| for display of status, support for upper class men and caused a wide gulf between classes |
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| head of the family, always roman |
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| worked on roman eastates and could never leave, serf farmers |
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| trained to be a gladiator, esacped with a few others and grew. they held off roman armies and southern italy till 6k were captured |
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| wanted to expell romans by arms |
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| romans tolerated christians at first and then christians grew as the emperor constanie became christian |
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| a jew who became one of the early christian leaders, he wrote the thirteen epistles |
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| helped chirstianity spread when he converted to it |
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| group of bishops sent to Bithynia by constantine |
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| Roman peace, established by ceasar for the time of peace |
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| non roman people entering rome |
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| the 26 empereors who died duringy civil war |
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| founder of Islam, muslums think of him as prophet of god |
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| main religous text of Islaim |
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| flight of muhammad from mecca to medina |
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| flight of muhammad from mecca to medina |
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