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-Around 10,000 BCE
-Changed From Hunters and gathers to culmination of crops
-Domestication of Animals
-Division of Labor
- The first religion Anamism is created
- Irrigations - The Beginning of Civilization (City) |
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-3500 BCE
-Cradle of Civilization
-Ziggorates
-Semorion Culture; Cuneiform, Epic Gilgamesh
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-First recorded Law code
- Consists of 282 Laws( Most popular being "eye for an eye")
- Written by the sixth king of Babylon
- Written in Cuniform |
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-18th dynasty, New Kingdom Period
-Start Monotheism idea ( Sun God)
- Changed his name from Amenhotep IV
- People rejected his idea after his death, removed his image
- Amarna Period. ( Created phase of ancient Egypt) |
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-Came into power 550 BC
- Defeated Chaldeans and Medes
- Frees Hebrews in 530 BC and rebuilds temples
- Had a Persian dynasty named Achaemenid
- Ruled with benevolence
( Get Taxed, Live your way) |
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-Began when the Hebrew people in the middle east started following the prophet Abraham.
- First Monotheistic Religion
- Founded in Mesopotamia in 1300 BCE
- Set a precedent for other religions to have followers lead good lives.
- Brought the ten commandments |
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- Built in 957 BCE by King Solomon
- SOLE-PLACE of Jewish worship and sacrifice
- First destroyed by the Babylonians
-Rebuilt again after Hebrews where freed by Cyrus The Great.
-Destroyed again by Roman Army in 70 CE |
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-The North(Israel) and South(Judea) Iron Age Kingdoms
- King David Had First Dynast
- King Solomon Divided the Tribes
- 722 BCE, Assyrian Army took over North Kingdom
- 596 BCE, South Kingdom taken over by Cyrus the great. |
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-Married to Ahab, A Hebrew King
- Referred to as Prostitute "Painted Woman"
- Convinced the King to build a shrine to a fertility god.
- Falls to her death, it was said that not even dogs would lick her blood up. |
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- Movement of population from it's original homeland
- 722 BCE ( Do not return to Holy Land Until 1947)
- Jews living outside Israel
- Assyrians attacked and conquered both Israel and Judea-"Hebrews" become "Jews" |
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-Panhelenism = Gave power to the poor
- Men competed nude
- 776 B.C In Olympia
- Only Green City-Sates Competed not barbarians. |
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-Greek Peasants
- 8th or 7th BCE
- New Soldier that required less money.
- Give a chance for PeasAnts to become Land owners.
- Equipped with long spears study shields and fought in close formation. |
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- Founded in 3000 BCE
- Capital of Greece
- Center for arts, learning, and philosophy
- First direct democracy
- Main Income- exporting grapes and olives |
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- 900 BCE to 192 BCE
- Strongest Soldiers ( Militarist Society)
- The Pelopannesian War
- Low Level of Education
- Society functioned on support of slaves
- No Liberal Arts. |
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- General of Athens during the Golden age of Athens.
- He had direct democracy
- Had Socrates executed
- Turned the Delian league into an Athenian Empire.
- Oversaw the construction of Parthenon. |
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- Between Athens and Sparta
- 431 to 404 BCE
- Athens wanted Sparta's resources and power
- No Help from other city-states
- Sparta Won. Go Sparta. |
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- Started the academy
(Liberal arts education)
- Lived 427 BC to 347 BCE
- Wrote the Republic: ( Socrates conversations with students.)
- Wanted a thoughtful and reflective society
- Aristotle disagreed with him. |
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- Conqueror of the Persian Empire
- Born 356 BCE
- Successful Military Commander.
- Conquered Anatolia, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia |
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- Civil Status given by Romans
- Applied to people between citizen and non-citizen states.
- Where taught to be Romans
- People of Lativia
- Continued through out Ancient Rome |
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-Political Struggle between Plebeians and Patricians.
-Plebeians formed 98 percent of population
- Plebeians refused to serve in military
- 12 written table laws - major role in development of Roman Constitution |
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Gaius Julius Caesar
(Picture was Blurry for this one) |
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Definition
- He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.
- In 60 BC, Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey formed a political alliance that was to dominate Roman politics for several years.
- Stabbed to death 44 BC |
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- The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC.
- The main cause of the Punic Wars was the conflicts of interest between the existing Carthaginian Empire and the expanding Roman Republic.
- Rome had conquered Carthage's empire and completely destroyed the city, becoming the most powerful state of the Western Mediterranean. |
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- Roman Politician and General
- Formed the second political triumvirate with Octavian and Lepidus
- Main part of Roman Civil War.
- Ran away to Egypt to form alliance with Cleopatra
- Committed suicide after losing war. |
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- Adopted son of Caesar
- Left Empire by Caesar
- Formed second triumvirate with Marc Antony and Lepidus
- Defeated Antony in civil war and restored Roman republic.
- Initiated Pox Romana |
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- Roman Peace and Stability
- Golden Age of Arts
- Good Government
- Minimal Military
- Jesus born under Pox Romana |
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- Greco-Roman Tradition
- "All Beings are equal regardless of class"
- Founded by Zeno of Citium
- Taught that destructive emotions resulted from errors in judgement
- Base of ethical views of Christianity |
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-Born in Nazareth a poor region of Galilee
-Revolutionary against Roman Empire
- Favored b/c Christianity is for rich and poor
- Prophet for Jews, messiah for Christians
- Death documented, name is in census |
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- Lived 5 to 67 CE
- Jesus reveals himself to Paul first, and tells him to spread "The Word"
- Writes 10 to 14 of the 27 scriptures
- In 45CE spread the word to non-Christians and saved Christianity
- The message was that Jesus saved everyone from original sin |
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- Government with 4 members, 2 Emperors and 2 Co-Emperors.
- System instituted by Roman Emperor Diocletian in 293, marking the end of the Crisis of the Third Century and the recovery of the Roman Empire.
- This Tetrarchy lasted until c. 313, when internecine conflict eliminated most of the claimants to power, leaving Constantine in the East and Licinius in the West.
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- 57th Roman Emperor
- Enacted military administrative financial, and social reforms
- First Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity
- Edict of Milan and Council of Nicaea |
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| Battle of the Milvian Bridge |
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-Constantine vs Maxentius
- 28 October 312 CE
- Constantine had a dream before the battle to paint a symbol on troops shields and god will protect them.
- Constantine won, this led him to become the sole ruler of the roman empire and spelled then end of the tetrarchy. |
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| In February 313, Emperor Constantine I, who controlled the western part of the Roman Empire, and Licinius, who controlled the Balkans, met in Milan and, among other things, agreed to treat the Christians benevolently. |
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-as a council of Christian bishops convened in Nicaea in Bithynia by the Roman Emperor Constantine I in AD 325. This first ecumenical council was the first effort to attain consensus in the church through an assembly representing all of Christendom.
- Its main accomplishments were settlement of the Christological issue of the nature of the Son of God and his relationship to God the Father |
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-First King of Italy
- Ended Western Empire
- Reigned during the 5th century |
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-Nomadic Tribe
-Joined Roman Army
- Defeated the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople in 378.
- Settled in Rome
- Part of the fall of rome |
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-King of Visigoths
-Sacked Rome but was king to it's citizens
-Symbolic End to western empire |
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- marked the begining of dark ages-
- convinced atilla the hunt not to destroy rome.
- Marked fusion of church and state. |
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