Bismarck wanted Britain not to come to war and buys Great Britain off 

-He goes to Russia to try and buy them out

-Russia is already mad at Austria and they say that if Prussia goes to war with Austria, Russia wont interfere

-He then goes to Italy and says if they don’t participate he will give them land

-France said it would not interfere as well because it had other things to deal with

Austro Prussian war

- he stages minor things to get angry at Austria

• Prussia defeated Austria

• In treaty that followed Prussia clamed Schleswig and Holstein

3 mistakes he made

1.)Idea of big German Navy

• (1890-1914)

• 2nd largest Navy

• Upset Great Britain

2.)Idea of Berlin to Bagdad

• Get armies there quickly

• “sphere of influence”

3.)Reinsurance Treaty( did not renew it)

• Made with Russia in 1887 (Bismarck and Russia) o Germany would not go to war with Russia as long as Russia doesn’t go into alliance with France France and Russia make and alliance and Great B, France and Russia end up getting together This:

• France brought out of Isolation

• Germany must face alliance of two enemies

1.)both apposed French Revolution

-it turned too much power to masses of people (uneducated, unwise)

2. apposed equality

3. traditions eroting and must keep tradition alive

4. anyone who tries to super impose of government (their beliefts) all societies are non rational hold onto customes/ traditions

Utopian Socialism

Traveling salesman before dedicating himself to a theory that he firmly believed would rank among the greatest discoveries ever made  His cantankerous and shrewd writings on contemporary society were so copious that his manuscripts have still not all been printed, despite the devotion of generations of admirers  Central Concept • Ideal community o Phalanstery  Should contain 600 men, women, and children, representatives of all types of personality identifies in his elaborate psychology  Each member would engaging tasks and not one for too long, so that pleasure and work would flow together  Largely self sufficient  Produce goods for export and pay its members according to the capitol, labor, and talent that each contributed  After this community was created, the happiness and well being of its members would inspire the establishment of others until all of society was converted  Wanted cooperation to replace compulsion and joy to transform drudgery

Femenism

-Women had began to organize on behalf of their own distinctive interests 

-Divided over goals and tactics,

women’s movements tended to separate themselves into 3 types 

1.) and largest lead by middle class women and often reflected their experience in charitable work and education

-The meeting of the International Congress of the Rights of Women on the occasion of the Paris exposition of 1878 brought together reps from 12 countries -Women’s issues were becoming a regular part of the agenda 

2.)politically more radical type of movement, less intent upon protecting women and more explicitly concerned with equal rights

-Particularly in Germany, England and France, these movements realized that their demands required fundamental social change and they often looked toward the traditional left for support

-Working men feared competition from women, who were traditionally less paid

3.) the growing women’s trade union movement, which was concerned primarily with the immediate problems of pay and working conditions

-Employers resistance,

   -low pay,

   -the nature of the jobs most working women were permitted,

-a lack of sympathy from men’s unions made it difficult to establish strong women’s unions

-Woman's colleges were established in Oxford and Cambridge in 1870s

o Enlightened Universalism:Or belief in the basic sameness of all humans, undermined the acceptance of slavery and allowed 18th century thinkers to link oppressed Africans to the disenfranchised poor of Europe 

-Values and Principles

• Belief in individuals nature and inalienable right to freedom

• Ownership of one’s self and labor

• Equality before the law 

     -Optimism and emphasis on the inner goodness and malleability of human beings made it difficult to defend slavery as a necessary evil for less “civilized people”

-Rousseau’s cult of the noble savage

• Contrasted the natural virtues of the so called primitive with the moral flaws of civilized Europeans and further fostered popular sympathy for enslaved Africans

-Taken together these ideas persuaded Enlightenment thinkers to soundly reject slavery as an unreasonable, unnatural, and immoral system

o Religious emphasis on the goodness of humans and the importance of compassion fit with a secular sentimental worldview that cast the slave as innocent victim and the civilized European as heroic savoir

o All over western Europe, especially in Britain, elite women and men of the 18th century and early 19th century inspired by those trends joined abolitionist circles, signed antislavery petitions, and circulated tracts and images that exposed the cruelties of human bandage

o Alone these intellectual and cultural developments would not have been have had the force to abolish slavery

     -Anti-slavery sentiment as strongly reinforced by merchants and industrialists seeking to replace to mercantile colonial system

              • Its system a protective tariffs intended to privilege trade between colony and mother country-with free trade

              • European manufacturers objected increasingly to the protective tariffs

                       o These tariffs prevented domestic manufacturers and consumers from buying cheaper foreign goods, compelling them instead to purchase goods exclusively from domestic producers, at home or in the colonies

-Adam Smith and David Ricardo

          o They contended that the mercantile colonial economy was an inefficient, irrational system that flouted the natural law of rational utility by preventing most people from pursuing their economic self-interest

         o They argued that market competition was both  natural and rational because it afforded economic liberty to individuals and benefited the majority by generating lower prices all around

        o Smith also censured the built-in inefficiency and inflexibility of the slave economy, pointing out that slaves, unlike wage laborers, lacked the incentive to work hard and could not be laid off in the event of an economic slump 

-For those who were unconvinced by the arguments based on utility; the rapid deterioration of Haiti and Jamaica in the closing years of the 18th century offered compelling evidence that the mercantile slave economy was economically retrograde 

-In early years of 19th century, the convergence of religious and humanitarian sentiment and economic support for free market competition led to the abolition of the European slave trade