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| The epidemic of bubonic plague that ravaged Europe, East Asia, and north Africa in the fourteenth century, killing one-third of the European population |
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| (1260-1327) Dominican monk who preached an introspective and charismatic version of Christian piety. |
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| (1440-1505) Emperor of Russia who annexed neighboring territories and began Russia's career as a European power |
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| Violent 1358 peasant uprising in northern France, incited by disease, war, and taxes. |
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| (1337-1453) Long conflict, fought mostly on French soil between England and France, centering on English claims to the throne of France. |
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| (1313-1375) Italian prose writer famed for his Decameron, one hundred short stories about the human condition, mostly from a comic or cynical point of view. |
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| (1367-1400) King of England, chiefly remembered for his successful resolution of the Peasant's Rebellion (1381)and as a vacillating, yet tyrannical monarch. He was deposed by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke (Henry IV) and assassinated. |
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| (1412-1431)French teenager, supposedly divinely inspired, who led forces against the English during the Hundred Years' War. Burned at the stake for heresy by the English and later made a Catholic saint. |
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| Middle English verse stories by Geoffrey Chaucer (1340 |
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| City on the southeastern border of France. Between 305 and 378 it was the seat of the papacy. |
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| Fifteenth-century conflict between the English dynastic houses of Lancaster and York (each symbolized in heraldry by the rose, ultimately won by Lancastrian Henry VII |
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