• province where france and germany border eachother
• france recieves it after the treaty is made
• full of minerals
• on the rhine river
• stratigically located, important for defense and commerse trade
• 222 years later, germany gets it back

• small villages
• most seseptable place to invade france by land
• north east
• forts were built by france in all the villages

Natural Boundries in France

• english channel between france and england
• atlantic ocean
• pieranese
• Alps
• rhine river

• a german state
• on the rhine river/ where negotiations occured

• nobles revolt
• rebelion of nobles inside France
• continues into february '53
• rebelling because there are foreigners leading france

ann of austria

mazerin of italy

• ann and louis 14th were kicked out of paris
• at the time he was 10 years old
• left a lasting impact

• mazerin remains in power
• louis lets him rule until he died in 1661
• ann is the regent until 1661
• he begins ruling at the age of 23 years

• it was a gamble, but he ended up ruling for 53 years

• ann and mazerin were secretly married

he was a cardinal so marriage was not an option

30 year war

• when the war ended spain did not sign the treaty

first spanish defeat in 150 years

• spain continues fighting for 11 years after the 30 year war

• ends the extended war spain brought on
• through it, roussillon is gained by france
• north east corner of spain becomes french territory
• louis the 14th and spains princess will marry

• spains princess
• first wife of Louis the 14th
• supposed to bring a 500,000 coin dowrey
• later he will take territory since he never recieves the money
• used it as an excuse to start 3 war

• every year he was in power, he started a war
• his finance minister didnt do anything but finances
• he worked from 5-12
• loved reading reports
• louis becomes absolute and holds power over everyone

• louis builds a castle in this city
• 15 miles from paris
• wants to get out of paris because of the bad memories
• ready to move into it in 1682, 20 years later
• his wife dies within a year of moving in
• there has been no greater castle than this

• invited all the nobles to versailles, dont have to pay rent, king gives them money every year for living there
• wants to keep a close eye on the nobles

• gambled every nigh, invited middle class in order to steal their money
• goes to theater ever few weeks
• golden age of french dramas
• Cornielle: tragedy plays about going to heaven
• NO running water
• built on swamp lands, had to be drained
• bathe once a month

when he gets out of bed

he is assisted with everything in his bedroom. NOBLES DID THIS

when the king goes to bed.

assisted with everything in the bedroom. NOBLES DID THIS

john batist colbert

finance minister: only in charge of finances

head tax: if you have a head, and your breathing the kings air, you must pay a tax

a tax for existing

tax on salt

most antagonizing of all taxes

salt was the only luxury to peasants

they would normally eat broth and bread (the bread was very course)

• dry goods store/ hardware type tools
• economic ideology/ philosophy
• 1650-1776
• go got colonies over seas to supply you with materials
• raw materials for consumer goods

(lucrative for the mother country)

• continues for 13 years

• passes the grand remonstrance

1. let charles know what the parliment does not like, approx 200 ideas

• john pym, was a prime minister, he passed this act
• the ratio was 159:148

• in 1642 charles barges into the house of commons  with 150 soldiers
• wants to arrest john pym and 4 other leaders
• non of the leaders were there, his wife accidentally told her friends

• charles called all his supporters to noddingham
• only the nobles came
• they all left london to go to noddingham and start a new living area

• supported the king
• coubilears
• horse back fighters
• upper class/ high church
• from the highlands of england

• roundheads
• hair cut got them their names
• middle class
• low church
• from the lowlands of england
• foot soldiers

• scotts were still fighting charles along with the roundheads
• they create a merger
• scotts and roundheads sign a secret treaty against the king and his policies

• there was one major war a year
• these places were victories for the royalists

Marston Moor

Naseby

• oliver cromwell was put in charge of the roundheads
• no drunkeness, curfew and training was established
• gave them: money, helmets, breast plates, and two weapons... a long bow and pike
• one from the welsh and the other from the scots

Marston Moor

Naseby

• roundhead victories
• biggest battles of the war
• roundheads had 15,000 men
• royalists had 9,000-10,000

• king goes to scottland thinking they will treat him better
• scotts sold him to the english
• he will not compromise with parliment

• some supporters tried again to defeat cromwell... they lost again
• charles was labled with treasen
• beheaded in January of 1649
• no monarchy for a long time

• henry was the first family member to rule france
• first non-catholic ruler since 400 AD
• in 400 AD france became christian
• henry IV was a follower of john calvin. protestant

• Calvinism was spread around more than lutherism (named after martin luther)
• there were many reformers trying to break away 
• prespeterian chuch is calvin 

believes in predestination

before you are born, you are pre destined to either go to heaven or hell

• edict is a law handed down by the monarch 
• a royal declaration

• nantes is a place
• declaration was loved in the city of nantes
• gave huguenots religious freedom for the first time in france 
• huguenots are given political freedom 
• able to vote and hold office
• onlyin 200 locations of france

• waited ten years  after he came to power
• in order to get the rest of his country behind him
• absolute power is not yet achieved. because he doesnt give huguenots full freedom

• henry IV second wife
• italian-catholic family
• originally from florence dukes
• 2 members of the family were popes
• made fortunes during the crusades by banking
• they inherited alot of the land *had to inherit land

• husband is assasinated by a catholic monk (1610)
• she took over the government because her son was only 9 years old

• only nine when his father died so he needed his mother to be a regent for him

• ran the french government as an italian
• supposed to be a blood line
• dismissed the french government in 1614
• they only met when rulers called for them
• nobody recalls the legislature for 175 years

• he took over the rule at the age of 13

• dies in 1643
• hates ruling
• chooses someone to run things because he has no desire to

• finance minister
• RUNS EVERYTHING
• louis began hunting and hanging out with his mistresses
• Richelieu is not a genuine cardinal
• he wants to take away political freedom from the protestants
• their major port was burned at the beginning of the civil war

• external effect
• controlled every inch of the land around france
• they were mainly austrian
• controlled the holy roman empire
• ruled this massive empire
• 305 german states
• ruled switzerland, netherlands, czech republic, northern half of italy

• catholic
• netherlands, switzerland, czech republic, northern italy, holland, german states, and austria

• spain (madrid)
• bordered belgium and luxenburg (spanish netherlands)

• between protestants and catholics
• last war between the two
• started in progue
• government sides with the catholics
• france, sweden, and denmark helped the protestants
• france is catholic but helped the protestants
• sweden and denmark are lutherine
• richielu never saw his foriegn policy take place

• she is a hasburg
• takes over for her son until he is old enough
• france is fighting her family
• wants peace in the war

anne of austria and Mazarin

• the french settled in canada
• louisianna was settled by the french
• New Orleans was a booming area
• carribean islands such as haiti, guatalupe, martinique

*profitable for sugar cane

*made mollassase

• once on mainland, the mollassase would be turned into rum, then taken to africa in exchange for slaves
• most of the africans enslaved were owned by other africans

• sent farming tools and fishing rods there
• sent 4000 women
• there was an economic war
• this was the only european colony to become self sufficient

• war minister for louis the 14th
• impliments a draft for the first time in history
• up to 40,000 men
• 21 year olds for a 4 year term of service
• equal to or more than all the other countries around france

• france recieved this because of the war
• lille=north of france in spanish netherlands

*because the dowry was never paid

*very small district, not a city. KNOWN for textile manufacturing

*france doesnt get much from the 1st war

*oposed by 3 other countries

• won the second war/east
• below allsace
• bigger/ nicer chunk of land

• they are the closest relatives to the tudors
• James the 1st was a third cousin