Term
Napoleon III's reconstruction of the city of Paris:
a. gave special consideration to the building of new churches.
b. provided for a hospital in each suburb.
c. made it more beautiful and easier to police.
d. made it the world's most beautiful city but created security problems.
e. restored the medieval streets and walls. |
|
Definition
| C, made it more beautiful and easier to police |
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Term
Napoleon III's government can best be described as:
a. socialist - the working class held the real power while he ruled.
b. liberal - he implemented a series of political reforms that granted real power to the middle class.
c. authoritarian - he held most of the real political power.
d. religious - the reforms he implemented were designed to restore the Catholic Church.
e. communist - he was an ardent support of Karl Marx. |
|
Definition
| C, authoritarian- he held most of the real political power |
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Term
The Crimean War destroyed the Concert of Europe by:
a. driving Austria and Russia to make a mutual defense alliance.
b. giving Russia the role of protecting Christians within the Ottoman Empire.
c. humiliating Austria on the battlefield.
d. causing Britain to withdraw from continental affairs.
e. reducing France to a bit-part player in continental politics and diplomacy. |
|
Definition
| D, Causing Britain to withdraw from continental affairs |
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Term
Garibaldi is considered the selfless patriot of Italian unification because he:
a. granted the lands he conquered in southern Italy to the pope.
b. avoided a civil war by agreeing to a monarchy for Italy.
c. turned down an offer to be Italy's first president for fear of liberal reaction.
d. died in the battle to take Rome from France.
e. surrendered the north of Italy to Cavour for the sake of unity. |
|
Definition
| B, avoided a civil war by agreeing to a monarchy for Italy |
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Term
Bismarck's Realpolitik is demonstrated by the way he:
a. sought public approval before he made a diplomatic move.
b. waged war only when necessary and when he knew he could win.
c. supported a monarchy even though he favored a republic.
d. fought wars without giving his opponents time to prepare.
e. utilized public opinion polls before introducing reforms. |
|
Definition
| B, waged war only when necessary and when he knew he could win |
|
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Term
The unification of Germany in 1871 should be viewed as:
a. Prussia becoming a part of a greater nation called Germany.
b. the rest of Germany becoming a part of Prussia.
c. a precursor to the unification of Italy.
d. the first step toward the inevitable world war of the next century.
e. a geographical restoration of the medieval Holy Roman Empire. |
|
Definition
| B, the rest of Germany becoming a part of Prussia |
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Term
The Ausgleich or Compromise of 1867:
a. abolished serfdom and eliminated compulsory labor services.
b. created the dual-monarchy of Austria-Hungary.
c. allied Austria with Prussia.
d. granted Hungary its independence.
e. restored the revolutionary constitutions of 1848. |
|
Definition
| B, created the dual-monarchy of Austria-Hungary |
|
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Term
After the Liberals' Reform Act of 1832, there was constant talk of another, but:
a. Tories, not Liberals, eventually passed it in 1867.
b. the Tories prevented it from becoming law.
c. the Liberals were never united enough to pass it.
d. the Tories held it up until eventually the new Labour Party passed it.
e. it took the Liberals over thirty years to bring it to reality. |
|
Definition
| A, Tories, not Liberals, eventually passed it in 1867 |
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Term
Alexander II's emancipation of the serfs:
a. caused an uprising by the noble class.
b. led to a large population of landowning peasants.
c. allowed the peasants to farm the best lands.
d. tied the peasants to the village commune.
e. required the government to purchase the land from the mir. |
|
Definition
| D, tied the peasants to the village commune |
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Term
In the United States during the 1850s, ________ organized as an antislavery party dedicated to overturning the "slave power" conspiracy in the South.
a. the Federalist Party
b. the Free Soil Party
c. the Whig Party
d. the Democratic Party
e. the Republican Party |
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Definition
|
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Term
In their Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels argued that:
a. Britain, because of its democracy, would avoid the coming revolution.
b. all history is the story of class struggle.
c. the coming revolution would be most successful in Russia.
d. after the revolution such institutions as marriage would be discarded.
e. the bourgeoisie would overthrow the dictatorship of the proletariat. |
|
Definition
| B, all history is the story of class struggle |
|
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Term
The Franco-Prussian War:
a. allowed Napoleon III to stay in power for another 20 years.
b. ended in victory for France.
c. was precipitated by the question of who would rule Portugal.
d. delayed German unification.
e. was desired by Bismarck. |
|
Definition
| E, was desired by Bismarck |
|
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Term
Which of the following occurred last?
a. Crimean War
b. formation of the Dominion of Canada
c. emancipation of the Russian serfs
d. creation of the Second Empire in France
e. unification of Italy |
|
Definition
| B, formation of the Dominion of Canada |
|
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Term
Flaubert's Madame Bovary, with its middle class characters and themes, was:
a. the best example of the nineteenth century Realist novel.
b. was the last great, classic Romantic novel.
c. described in detail the medical practices of the heroine's doctor husband.
d. became a runaway best seller when it was published in 1863.
e. glowing in its admiration for middle-class values. |
|
Definition
| A, the best example of the nineteenth century Realist novel |
|
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Term
In his painting, Gustave Courbet:
a. imitated the works of classical Greek and Roman artists.
b. renewed the themes of the Baroque and Rococo.
c. continued the Romantic themes of the early nineteenth century.
d. created fantastic images in an attempt to help workers escape their dreary lives.
e. depicted ordinary people in realistic settings. |
|
Definition
| E, depicted ordinary people in realistic settings |
|
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Term
One of the principal characteristics of the Second Industrial Revolution was:
a. the development of the railroad.
b. the substitution of coal for wood.
c. the emergence of the textile industry.
d. British dominance of the chemical industry.
e. the transition from iron to steel. |
|
Definition
| E, the transition from iron to steel |
|
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Term
The purpose and usual effect of a nineteenth century cartel was to:
a. improve the quality of goods by reducing competition.
b. negotiate better wages for workers.
c. build better housing near factories for industrial workers.
d. restrain competition and therefore keep prices high.
e. reduce transportation costs and therefore charge consumers lower prices. |
|
Definition
| D, restrain competition and therefore keep prices high |
|
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Term
The major difference between the two European economic zones after 1870 was that:
a. one produced enough food for its own population, the other did not.
b. one had a much higher standard of living than the other.
c. one offered workers high wages and the other did not.
d. one had the natural resource of electricity, the other did not.
e. one had the Protestant work ethic and the other a medieval temperament. |
|
Definition
| B, one had a much higher standard of living than the other |
|
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Term
In the late nineteenth century, industrialization:
a. ended in Great Britain.
b. entered a new phase in Africa and India.
c. affected the American economy for the first time.
d. brought a high standard of living to the people of Spain and Portugal.
e. spread to Russia and Japan. |
|
Definition
| E, spread to Russia and Japan |
|
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Term
Many women reformers objected to the Contagious Diseases Acts because they:
a. confined women with venereal diseases to state prisons.
b. regulated women with diseases, but not men with the same diseases.
c. forced women diagnosed with venereal diseases to do religious penance.
d. increased the authority of the state.
e. were not strong enough to stem the tide of epidemics. |
|
Definition
| B, regulated women with diseases, but not men with the same diseases |
|
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Term
The revisionist thinker Eduard Bernstein challenged Marxist theories because he:
a. learned from observation that class struggle always hurt the poor.
b. found that the middle class was declining and would eventually wither away.
c. suggested that revolution was the means of achieving socialism.
d. saw in England the social successes of groups that worked within the system.
e. discovered that in his private life Marx did not live up to revolutionary ideals. |
|
Definition
| D, saw in England the social successes of groups that worked within the system |
|
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Term
In the late nineteenth century, anarchists aiming to bring down political institutions:
a. abandoned the use of explosives to cripple governments.
b. organized communal groups as a way of rejecting mass society.
c. lost credibility with the public when they turned to "evolutionary" methods.
d. used assassination as their primary instrument of terror.
e. declined in numbers as better economic times came. |
|
Definition
| D, used assassination as their primary instrument of terror |
|
|
Term
Methods of providing cities with pure water and efficient sewerage systems:
a. had little impact on public health.
b. reduced venereal diseases and tuberculosis by one-half.
c. were adopted by all of the governments in Europe.
d. did little to prevent the continuing pollution of rivers and lakes.
e. offended Social Darwinists who said they interfered with natural selection. |
|
Definition
| D, did little to prevent the continuing pollution of rivers and lakes |
|
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Term
Lord Leverhulme believed:
a. good housing for workers would create a satisfied workforce.
b. reformers overstated the poor living conditions facing many workers.
c. low wages were the key to industrial profits.
d. open country encouraged a healthy family life.
e. the government should subsidize cheap housing for workers. |
|
Definition
| A, good housing for workers would create a satisfied workforce |
|
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Term
Albert Ballin's experience with the German aristocracy proved that:
a. German titles could be bought by Germans but not by foreigners.
b. Germany under William II still had strong racial and religious biases.
c. the new upper class included those with money and those with titles.
d. sons of titled lords willingly married daughters of wealthy industrialists.
e. wealth more than compensated for poor origins and opened doors to society. |
|
Definition
| B, Germany under William II still had strong racial and religious biases |
|
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Term
Information dispensed by birth control clinics such as that of Aletta Jacob:
a. was used more often and effectively by aristocrats than by working women.
b. effectively helped control Europe's working population after 1890.
c. had a similar influence on middle-class and working-class families.
d. was contraband in all but two European countries as late as 1900.
e. led to several fire bombings by irate husbands. |
|
Definition
| A, was used more often and effectively by aristocrats than by working women |
|
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Term
Many British fathers supported Baden-Powell's Boy Scouts movement because:
a. the Boy Scouts were required to be practicing Anglicans.
b. of the cooperative programs offered by the Girl Scouts.
c. they believed it counteracted the "feminine" influence of their mothers.
d. statistics proved that Boy Scouts were unlikely to become homosexuals.
e. it got boys out of the house for two weeks each summer. |
|
Definition
| C, they believed it counteracted the "feminine" influence of their mothers |
|
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Term
At the end of the nineteenth century, a number of European states:
a. utilized public education to foster nationalism and patriotism.
b. educated boys and girls in a similar fashion.
c. abandoned primary education so young boys could enter the workforce.
d. used public education as a way of reinforcing dominant religious values.
e. demonstrated little interest in primary education. |
|
Definition
| A, utilized public education to foster nationalism and patriotism |
|
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Term
The 1871 Paris Commune:
a. did not allow significant participation by women.
b. had the support of most royalists.
c. sought to keep Napoleon III in power.
d. wrote the constitution for the Third Republic.
e. was brutally suppressed by government troops. |
|
Definition
| E, was brutally suppressed by government troops |
|
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Term
In Britain the right to vote was extended to many agriculture workers via the:
a. Redistribution Act.
b. Voting Rights Act.
c. Parliamentary Payment Act.
d. Reform Act of 1867.
e. Reform Act of 1884. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Einstein's theory of relativity was vividly demonstrated to scientists by:
a. experiments with radiation and energy.
b. Max Planck when working on his theory of the quanta.
c. Einstein himself in a laboratory experiment in Berne in 1905.
d. a total eclipse of the sun in 1919.
e. a group of his Princeton students forty years after he proposed it. |
|
Definition
| D, a total eclipse of the sun in 1919 |
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Term
Friedrich Nietzsche's thought was founded on his belief that:
a. Germany would soon produce a master race.
b. Darwin's thesis should be applied to the dynamics of human society.
c. scientific thought was incapable of arriving at ultimate reality.
d. Europe's greatest age was between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance.
e. man is guided not by reason but by irrational impulses. |
|
Definition
| E, man is guided not by reason but by irrational impulses |
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Term
Although Freud was an Austrian trained in modern medicine, he:
a. rejected a scientific approach to the study of the mind.
b. doubted that medical treatments and psychotherapy were compatible.
c. spoke approvingly of the medical theories of Galen and Paracelsus.
d. contributed to the uncertainty of the age by exploring the unconscious.
e. agreed with Nietzsche about the superiority of the Aryan race. |
|
Definition
| D, contributed to the uncertainty of the age by exploring the unconscious |
|
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Term
The application of Darwin's notions about organic evolution to the social order caused:
a. socialists to abandon much of the ideology of Karl Marx.
b. racism to decline in a number of Western states.
c. an intensification of nationalist sentiment.
d. European governments to invest in social programs in an attempt to eliminate poverty.
e. a diplomatic revolution that brought order and stability to the continent for several generations. |
|
Definition
| C, an intensification of nationalist sentiment |
|
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Term
Artists of the Impressionist movement:
a. believed objective knowledge of the world was impossible.
b. used geometric designs to re-create reality.
c. emphasized structure and form in their paintings.
d. attempted to avoid representation of reality altogether.
e. studied the effect of light on objects in nature. |
|
Definition
| E, studied the effect of light on objects in nature |
|
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Term
The British feminist movement got its first martyr in 1913 when Emily Davison:
a. was crushed by the car to which she had chained herself.
b. was beaten to death by a London policeman.
c. choked to death while being force fed in jail.
d. burned to death in a railroad car.
e. threw herself in front of the king's horse during a race. |
|
Definition
| E, threw herself in front of the king's horse during a race |
|
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Term
After the publication of Theodor Herzl's book The Jewish State:
a. the German imperial government announced its support for the plan.
b. Jews began to immigrate to the United States.
c. his ideas were condemned by a cartel of Jewish bankers.
d. the Ottoman Empire declared that there could be no Jewish immigration.
e. a Zionist Congress proclaimed its aim to create that state in Palestine |
|
Definition
| E, a Zionist Congress proclaimed its aim to create that state in Palestine |
|
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Term
In 1911, Britain's House of Lords:
a. saw its powers significantly diminished.
b. was a strong supporter of social reforms.
c. became the supreme organ of political power in Britain.
d. was required to have a majority of commoners among its members.
e. was created by an act of the House of Commons. |
|
Definition
| A, saw its powers significantly diminished |
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Term
The Dreyfus affair:
a. led to the fall of the Third Republic.
b. illustrated the prevalence of anti-Semitism in France.
c. eventually led to the execution of Dreyfus.
d. did not involve any judicial action.
e. strengthened the Christian right in France. |
|
Definition
| B, illustrated the prevalence of anti-Semitism in France |
|
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Term
The most serious problem facing Austria-Hungary at the turn of the century was:
a. nationalities and nationalism.
b. conflict between traditionalists and modernists.
c. discontent among workers.
d. the socialist movement among the peasant classes.
e. concern about war with Germany. |
|
Definition
| A, nationalities and nationalism |
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Term
Europeans treated China differently from other Asian countries in that:
a. its geographic integrity was never violated.
b. six imperial nations agreed to cooperative spheres of influence in China.
c. the Chinese people never saw foreign soldiers or businessmen.
d. the imperial powers agreed to a "hands-off" approach to Chinese ports.
e. European diplomats accepted the total authority of its royal family. |
|
Definition
| B, six imperial nations agreed to cooperative spheres of influence in China |
|
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Term
The Revolution of 1905 in Russia was precipitated by:
a. the resignation of Tsar Nicolas II.
b. humiliation in the Balkans at the hands of Germany and Austria.
c. the legalization of Marxist parties.
d. Lenin and Trotsky's organizational efforts.
e. losing a war with Japan. |
|
Definition
| E, losing a war with Japan |
|
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Term
Under its emperor Mutsuhito, Japan:
a. rejected any attempts at modernization.
b. freely borrowed British forms for its army and navy.
c. adopted industrial and financial systems like those in the United States.
d. experienced a wave of reviewed devotion to traditional Shintoism.
e. forbade its citizens to go abroad for fear of foreign contamination. |
|
Definition
| C, adopted industrial and financial systems like those in the United States |
|
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Term
The Three Emperors' League failed because:
a. of the traditional rivalry between Britain and France.
b. of Russia and Austria's territorial interests.
c. it could not prevent British intervention in the Balkans.
d. of Bismarck's untimely death.
e. the Triple Alliance proved to be much stronger militarily. |
|
Definition
| B, of Russia and Austria's territorial interests |
|
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Term
Emperor William II's decision to end the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia:
a. pushed France and Russia into an alliance.
b. was first approved by the United States.
c. also destroyed the relationship between Germany and Austria.
d. allowed Germany to have a close relationship with Britain.
e. ended the conflict in the Balkans. |
|
Definition
| A, pushed France and Russia into an alliance |
|
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Term
All of the following were underlying factors in the start of World War I except:
a. colonial and commercial rivalries.
b. increased influence of military leaders.
c. the desire among some peoples to create nation-states.
d. conservative class protests in Western Europe.
e. increasing tension between two alliances. |
|
Definition
| D, conservative class protests in Western Europe |
|
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Term
The Von Schlieffen Plan failed because:
a. German armies bogged down in trench warfare against the British and French.
b. the Austrian army was poorly prepared for the conflict.
c. the United States entered the war in 1914.
d. Germany was unable to defeat Russia before turning on France.
e. Great Britain did not rally to the German cause. |
|
Definition
| A, German armies bogged down in trench warfare against the British and French |
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Term
The major difference between the Great War in the west and in the east was that the:
a. Austrians were more effective against the French than against the Russians.
b. Western Front saw trench warfare while the Eastern Front was mobile.
c. loss of life was far higher in the west than in the east.
d. the United States altered the balance of power in the east.
e. Germans fared much better in the west because of superior forces. |
|
Definition
| B, Western Front saw trench warfare while the Eastern Front was mobile |
|
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Term
The development of trench warfare along the Western Front:
a. hastened the end of the war.
b. in some cases produced a "live and let live" system between enemy armies.
c. reduced casualties because most soldiers were protected by underground tunnels and shelters.
d. was matched by the development of a similar style of war in the east.
e. allowed general officers to develop new strategies and tactics. |
|
Definition
| B, in some cases produced a "live and let live" system between enemy armies |
|
|
Term
Germany gambled on resuming unrestricted submarine warfare because:
a. it promised to deprive the French of food supplies and cause their surrender.
b. they did not believe Americans could fulfill their threats to intervene.
c. technological advances since 1915 made it safer for their sailors.
d. its leaders believed by winning the naval conflict they would win the war.
e. without it their ships could not bring them needed supplies of food. |
|
Definition
| B, they did not believe Americans could fulfill their threats to intervene |
|
|
Term
The British Defense of the Realm Act:
a. raised the largest civilian army in history.
b. required young men from every social class to serve in the army.
c. prevented workers in war industries from going on strike.
d. permitted newspapers to print balanced pro and anti-war op-ed pieces.
e. allowed authorities to arrest war protestors as traitors |
|
Definition
| E, allowed authorities to arrest war protestors as traitors |
|
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Term
World War I created new employment opportunities for women that:
a. opened opportunities in upper management.
b. were welcomed by many male workers.
c. allowed women to earn comparable wages with men in heavy industry.
d. continued in the years after the war.
e. pushed them into clerical positions and jobs previously held only by men. |
|
Definition
| E, pushed them into clerical positions and jobs previously held only by men |
|
|
Term
Rasputin gained influence with the Russian royal family because he:
a. made predictions of ultimate Russian victory over Germany.
b. proved to be one of the tsar's most successful military advisers.
c. devised a plan to save the monarchy.
d. became the tsarina's lover.
e. was believed to have a divine gift of healing. |
|
Definition
| E, was believed to have a divine gift of healing |
|
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Term
During his self imposed exile in Switzerland, Lenin:
a. spent much of his time divorced from political activity.
b. led the Bolsheviks to espouse the principles of violent revolution.
c. made promises to Germany that as Russian leader he would be an ally.
d. abandoned all hope of revolution.
e. wrote novels and poetry that captured the attention of British socialists. |
|
Definition
| B, led the Bolsheviks to espouse the principles of violent revolution |
|
|
Term
Lenin's Bolshevik government accepted the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk:
a. in order to avoid a civil war in Russia.
b. only when Germany threatened to invade Russia and topple them.
c. after a year of haggling about the harsh terms.
d. because Lenin believed socialism would spread and make it irrelevant.
e. in hopes of pacifying his critics. |
|
Definition
| D, because Lenin believed socialism would spread and make it irrelevant |
|
|
Term
During World War I, genocide was carried out by:
a. Germans against Jews.
b. Russians against Romanians.
c. Italians against Austrians.
d. Russians against Serbs.
e. the Ottoman Empire against Armenians. |
|
Definition
| E, the Ottoman Empire against Armenians |
|
|
Term
Germany did not become Communist in 1919 because:
a. of the manipulations of Adolf Hitler.
b. moderate socialists used the army to block a Communist seizure of power.
c. the lower classes feared Communism's official atheism.
d. the French army arrested the major Communist leaders.
e. German Communist leaders left the country to live in Russia. |
|
Definition
| B, moderate socialists used the army to block a Communist seizure of power |
|
|
Term
Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points were aimed at:
a. making the United States a major player in international diplomacy.
b. helping Britain and France recover their war losses.
c. rebuilding the economies of the defeated powers.
d. ending forever the scourges of "absolutism" and "militarism."
e. bringing the Kaiser's regime to desperation and surrender. |
|
Definition
| D, ending forever the scourges of "absolutism" and "militarism" |
|
|
Term
The War-Guilt Clause:
a. required Germany to pay reparations to the Allied governments.
b. prevented Germany and Austria from joining military alliances.
c. violated the provisions of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
d. declared all European nations responsible for the war.
e. established a European council to prevent future conflicts. |
|
Definition
| A, required by Germany to pay reparations to the Allied governments |
|
|
Term
America's post-war retreat from European affairs:
a. insured that the Bolsheviks would emerge as Russia's government.
b. helped promote diplomatic stability on the continent.
c. caused France to take even stronger actions against German recovery.
d. left Britain alone to keep peace on the continent.
e. guaranteed that an economic depression would soon come. |
|
Definition
| C, caused France to take even stronger actions against German recovery |
|
|
Term
In the aftermath of World War I, France:
a. reveled in its resounding victory over Germany and new-found security.
b. resented the weakness of the League of Nations.
c. felt obligated to join military alliances with powerful militaries in eastern Europe.
d. was comfortable with the role Great Britain and the United States played as defenders and allies.
e. was forced to establish closer ties with communist Russia. |
|
Definition
| B, resented the weakness of the League of Nations |
|
|
Term
The Locarno Treaty, signed by Germany and France in 1925:
a. failed to make clear the issue of Germany's eastern borders.
b. returned the Ruhr Valley to Germany.
c. allowed Germany to join the League of Nations.
d. restructured Germany's debt payment.
e. regulated the size of European armies and navies. |
|
Definition
| A, failed to make clear the issue of Germany's eastern borders |
|
|
Term
Ramsay MacDonald, the first Labour Party prime minister of Great Britain, only remained in power ten months because:
a. conservatives convinced voters that his government was sympathetic towards communism.
b. he lost the support of the Liberal Party.
c. his radical reform agenda alienated many middle-class voters.
d. a series of scandals brought his administration down.
e. of his untimely death. |
|
Definition
| A, conservatives convinced voters that his government was sympathetic towards communism |
|
|
Term
In 1936 Cambridge scholar John Maynard Keynes argued that:
a. depressions could be ended with public works and budget deficits.
b. only when Germany was free of debt would the European depression end.
c. Britain could end its depression by cutting all salaries.
d. the United States would have to lead the international economic recovery.
e. countries must emerge from the depression slowly and naturally. |
|
Definition
| A, depressions could be ended with public works and budget deficits |
|
|
Term
The "French New Deal" offered by the Popular Front:
a. led to a lasting increase of confidence in the French government.
b. failed in the long term to solve France's economic woes.
c. gave working men wages based on their industries' profits.
d. ended the depression in France before it ended elsewhere.
e. promoted political reform instead of economic reform. |
|
Definition
| B, failed in the long term to solve France's economic woes |
|
|
Term
In response to the Great Depression, the Roosevelt administration:
a. restricted immigration in hopes of reducing unemployment.
b. rejected all calls for government intervention.
c. implemented activist programs designed to create jobs.
d. took control of the banking industry in the United States.
e. promoted volunteerism as the best way of meeting the economic challenges. |
|
Definition
| C, implemented activist programs designed to create jobs |
|
|
Term
Fascist Italy's policy toward women:
a. elevated Italian women to their highest social level ever.
b. insured that they would have the right to birth control and abortions.
c. brought them into the military as never before.
d. encouraged women to play an active role in social and economic issues.
e. greatly reduced male unemployment. |
|
Definition
| E, greatly reduced male unemployment |
|
|
Term
In the early 1920s, Germany's Weimar Republic was crippled by:
a. the number of elderly people it had to subsidize.
b. the election of Adolf Hitler.
c. its close identification with fascist organizations.
d. the economic reversals of the Great Depression.
e. a lack of political leadership. |
|
Definition
| E, a lack of political leadership |
|
|
Term
Hitler's Mein Kampf identified as Nazi philosophy all of the following except:
a. complete hatred of communism and communist states.
b. a bitter animosity toward Jews.
c. the right of strong individuals to rule with absolute authority.
d. the right of great nations to their lebensraum.
e. an intention to unite German speaking Austria with the Third Reich. |
|
Definition
| E, an intention to unite German speaking Austria with the Third Reich |
|
|
Term
The events of Kristallnacht demonstrated to all observers that:
a. Hitler would soon be the absolute dictator of Germany.
b. German anti-Semitism was taking a more vicious turn.
c. Germany was preparing for an invasion of Poland.
d. women would not be given equal rights in Nazi Germany.
e. Aryans would be given control of all German industries. |
|
Definition
| B, German anti-Semitism was taking a more vicious turn |
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Term
When Stalin came to power in the late 1920s, he:
a. oversaw an unequalled increase in the living standards of peasants.
b. decided to secure socialism in Russia rather than focusing on the world revolution.
c. elevated Lenin to divine status.
d. coordinated a military buildup that made Russia the only country as strong as Germany.
e. tried to establish economic ties with Britain and France. |
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Definition
| B, decided to secure socialism in Russia rather than focusing on the world revolution |
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Term
Which of the following Middle East territories was not independent by the late 1930s?
a. Iraq
b. Palestine
c. Turkey
d. Iran
e. Saudi Arabia |
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Definition
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Term
The Dada movement:
a. expressed a great deal of contempt for many Western traditions.
b. promoted conformity and uniformity.
c. attempted to recreate the suffering that many faced in the 1930s.
d. took its inspiration from classical art and artists.
e. relied on photographic images to chronicle anti-Semitism. |
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Definition
| A, expressed a great deal of contempt for many Western traditions |
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Term
The Soviet and German states used art to:
a. reinforce the dominant social values promoted by the ruling party.
b. promote cultural diversity.
c. celebrate the achievements of modern artists.
d. build connections with other western states.
e. encourage individual expression. |
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Definition
| A, reinforce the dominant social values promoted by the ruling party |
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Term
Like many other psychologists of the period between the wars, Carl Jung:
a. rejected the claims of physicist Werner Heisenberg.
b. tried to find common ground between his field and Rutherford's physics.
c. challenged Freud's theories while continuing to investigate his subjects.
d. investigated in detail the various complexes discovered by Freud.
e. accepted the teachings of Freud at face value. |
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Definition
| C, challenged Freud's theories while continuing to investigate his subjects |
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Term
His experiences at Munich in 1938 convinced Hitler that:
a. the Western democracies were too weak to oppose him.
b. he had a green light to invade Poland.
c. he would need allies before he could move against Poland.
d. to cooperate with Mussolini would mean trouble in the future.
e. he could never negotiate with the Soviets. |
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Definition
| A, the Western democracies were too weak to oppose him |
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Term
After invading Poland, the Germans next invaded:
a. Yugoslavia.
b. France.
c. Belgium.
d. the Soviet Union.
e. Denmark. |
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Definition
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Term
The Japanese decision to bomb Pearl Harbor came five months after:
a. the United States cut off sales of iron and oil to them.
b. their unsuccessful attempt to conquer French Indochina.
c. the "rape" of the Chinese city of Nanjing.
d. Germany's invasion of Poland.
e. their successful invasion of the Philippines. |
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Definition
| A, the United States cut off sales of iron and oil to them |
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Term
Hitler hoped his invasion of the Soviet Union:
a. would allow him to push even further east - into Asia.
b. would be as successful as his invasion of Great Britain.
c. would keep the United States out of the war.
d. would lead to the quick collapse of the Soviet government.
e. would convince Italy and Japan to enter the war. |
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Definition
| D, would lead to the quick collapse of the Soviet government |
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Term
In 1942 the United States had its first significant military success of the war by:
a. winning several key battles on the Italian peninsula.
b. breaking both the German and Japanese secret codes.
c. landing on Axis soil in Sicily.
d. establishing naval superiority over Japan in the Pacific.
e. forcing a German surrender in North Africa. |
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Definition
| D, establishing naval superiority over Japan in the Pacific |
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Term
The turning point of the war along the Eastern Front came when:
a. the Soviets defeated the Germans at Stalingrad.
b. the allies took Rome in June of 1944.
c. American naval forces stopped the Japanese in the Pacific.
d. British forces stopped Rommel in North Africa.
e. German armies captured oil fields on the Caucasus. |
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Definition
| A, the Soviets defeated the Germans at Stalingrad |
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Term
The allied powers opened a second front in Western Europe by:
a. attacking the German cities of Berlin and Munich.
b. invading the flat plains of northern France.
c. launching an assault from Corsica and Sardinia in the Mediterranean.
d. pushing into Scandinavia via the North Sea.
e. landing five assault divisions on the beaches of Normandy. |
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Definition
| E, landing five assault divisions on the beaches of Normandy |
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Term
The Japanese government announced its unconditional surrender after:
a. Soviet armies invaded Korea.
b. other Asian states abandoned the Great East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
c. the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
d. British and French forces mobilize for the Pacific Theatre.
e. the United States launched the largest amphibious assault in history on the home islands. |
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Definition
| C, the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki |
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Term
The Madagascar Plan, abandoned after World War II began, was:
a. designed to draw Allied attention from German activities in Europe.
b. to relocate the Jews from Europe to the Indian Ocean.
c. a plan for German military action in Asia.
d. a German scheme to develop an atomic bomb.
e. reconsidered and revived after the war ended in 1945. |
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Definition
| B, to relocate the Jews from Europe to the Indian Ocean |
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Term
Jews, Gypsies, and Slavs were Nazi targets because they:
a. were migrants without racial roots to the German establishment.
b. all followed what the Nazis called alien religions.
c. had no skills to contribute to the success of the Master Race.
d. were all believed to be subhuman races with alien blood.
e. posed an economic threat to the well-being of Germany. |
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Definition
| D, were all believed to be subhuman races with alien blood |
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Term
During World War II, the American governments interred more than 110,000:
a. Japanese-Americans.
b. African-Americans.
c. Mexicans.
d. German-Americans.
e. Italian-Americans. |
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Definition
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Term
At a meeting in November, 1943, Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin agreed to:
a. a plot to assassinate Hitler.
b. bring President Roosevelt into their alliance as soon as possible.
c. have free elections in liberated European countries.
d. percentages of influence in countries liberated from Hitler.
e. divide Germany at the end of the war. |
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Definition
| E, divide Germany at the end of the war |
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Term
At the Yalta Conference in February, 1945, the allies agreed to:
a. invade Japan with a four-power army.
b. use atomic weapons to end the war in Europe.
c. bring Hitler to London for trial.
d. create a post-war United Nations led by the Big Three.
e. establish spheres of influence for each of the victorious nations |
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Definition
| D, create a post-war United Nations led by the Big Three |
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Term
By the time of the Potsdam Conference in July, 1945, it was evident that:
a. the United States might use atomic weapons in Europe and Asia.
b. the United States would not withdraw from Europe after the war.
c. the Soviet Union was no longer a threat in Eastern Europe.
d. there would be no non-Communist governments in Eastern Europe.
e. there would be no Communist governments in Western Europe. |
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Definition
| D, there would be no non-Communist governments in Eastern Europe |
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Term
In a note to Churchill in 1946, Stalin blamed the Cold War on:
a. British and American Nazis who still wielded power.
b. American use of the atomic bomb on Japanese civilians.
c. the arrogance of the English speaking world.
d. elements in Russia who pressured him not to cooperate with Britain.
e. American attempts to control Western Europe |
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Definition
| C, the arrogance of the English speaking world |
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