Term
Which of the following was not a key determining factor in explaining why Europeans embarked on voyages of discovery?
a. Improved knowledge of wind patterns in the oceans.
b. The weaknesses of European monarchies.
c. A desire to spread Christianity to heathen peoples.
d. Financial support from members of various royal families.
e. A dramatic improvement in ship design and building. |
|
Definition
| B, The weaknesses of European monarchies. |
|
|
Term
Prior to European voyages of discovery in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries:
a. Prester John created a Christian kingdom east of Suez.
b. John Mandeville traveled to Afghanistan and India for the king of France.
c. the Polo family of Venice visited the court of Kublai Khan.
d. the Vikings established permanent settlements in North America.
e. Thomas established a Christian community in southern India. |
|
Definition
| C, The Polo family of Venice visited the court of Kublai Khan. |
|
|
Term
By the mid-fifteenth century, the Portuguese:
a. abandoned economic ventures in the Atlantic Ocean.
b. claimed several islands in the Caribbean.
c. established trade connections along the coast of West Africa.
d. built several large colonies in southern Africa.
e. controlled much of the east Asian sea trade. |
|
Definition
| C, Established trade connections along the coast of West Africa |
|
|
Term
When Columbus set sail in August of 1492, he intended:
a. to discover new lands in the Caribbean and Central America.
b. to reach Asia by sailing west.
c. to reach America by sailing east.
d. to follow Portuguese trade routes along the coast of Africa.
e. to accurately measure the circumference of the earth. |
|
Definition
| B, To reach Asia by sailing west |
|
|
Term
Perhaps the most effective part of Cortes' plan to conquer Mexico was:
a. his use of gold to bribe Indian officials.
b. the devastating effect of the European disease smallpox.
c. creating a set of alliances with Indian groups that hated Aztec rule.
d. his decision to subdue the Maya before taking on the Aztec.
e. his importation of war horses from Cuba. |
|
Definition
| C, creating a set of alliances with Indian groups that hated Aztec rule |
|
|
Term
The Spanish colonial system of encomienda made possible the:
a. importation of African slaves to compensate for Indians lost to diseases.
b. survival of Indian works of art and literature.
c. conversion of American Indians to Catholicism.
d. virtual enslavement of the Native American populations.
e. fair treatment of Native American laborers. |
|
Definition
| D, virtual enslavement of the Native American populations |
|
|
Term
he triangular trade involved the exchange of manufactured goods, slaves and raw materials and connected:
a. Europe, Africa, and America.
b. North America, Europe, and Central America.
c. Europe, Asia, and America.
d. North America, the Caribbean, and Africa.
e. Asia, Africa, and America. |
|
Definition
| A, Europe, Africa, and America |
|
|
Term
The high mortality rate for Africans being brought to America was due in part to:
a. lack of housing on the plantations where they were put to work.
b. exposure to tropical diseases.
c. infections incurred from wounds in wars they had just fought and lost.
d. suicides by those who realized their fate.
e. inhumane methods of transoceanic transportation. |
|
Definition
| E, inhumane methods of transoceanic transportation |
|
|
Term
India eventually came under the control of the British crown because of:
a. the financial and administrative successes of the East India Company.
b. Prime Minister Robert Clive, who led Parliament to support the move.
c. Lord Macartney, who used Boers to quell local rebellions.
d. King James I, who granted colonists their first charter.
e. a military victory over the Dutch in the mid-seventeenth century. |
|
Definition
| A, The financial and administrative successes of the East India Company |
|
|
Term
The Qing dynasty:
a. conquered much of northern India.
b. reached its peak of power in the mid-nineteenth century.
c. was replaced by the Ming dynasty.
d. treated European leaders as equals.
e. was established by inhabitants of Manchuria. |
|
Definition
| E, was established by inhabitants of Manchuria |
|
|
Term
France eventually lost its North American empire to Britain because:
a. of unrest in the northern provinces.
b. Louis XIV granted New France sovereignty early.
c. Quebec settlers lost respect for their French governors.
d. French settlers married natives and lost their French identify.
e. it spent its resources on European conflicts rather than on New France. |
|
Definition
| E, it spent its resources on European conflicts rather than on New France |
|
|
Term
According to the economic theories of mercantilism:
a. a nation expanded its trade and prosperity at the expense of others.
b. the best product at the lowest price will defeat all competition.
c. a nation should import more than it exports.
d. gold and silver are less important to a nation than its labor pool.
e. governments should impose no restraints on trade. |
|
Definition
| A, a nation expanded its trade and prosperity at the expense of others |
|
|
Term
Characteristic of Europe's economy in the eighteenth century was:
a. its move from agriculture to manufacturing.
b. an increase in investment "bubbles" that burst.
c. the great increase in overseas trade.
d. a series of monopolies granted by monarchs to banking concerns.
e. a breakdown in trade relations with Africa and Asia. |
|
Definition
| C, the great increase in overseas trade |
|
|
Term
By the end of the eighteenth century, the great European imperial power was:
a. Great Britain.
b. Holland.
c. France.
d. Spain.
e. Portugal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Christianity was spread in the newly conquered areas primarily by:
a. Catholic missionaries.
b. Calvinist missionaries.
c. Lutheran missionaries.
d. the exportation of bibles translated into native languages.
e. Anglican missionaries. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The witchcraft trials of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries reflected:
a. deep religious uncertainties caused by the Protestant Reformation.
b. fears of false religions being brought to Europe from the Americas.
c. a fascination with new legal practices.
d. the abundance and expendability of women.
e. a reaction against the emergence of this new form of village culture. |
|
Definition
| A, deep religious uncertainties caused by the Protestant Reformation |
|
|
Term
This region was most devastated by the Thirty Years' War:
a. Sweden.
b. Russia.
c. Germany.
d. France.
e. Austria. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All of the following were results of the Thirty Years' War except?
a. The pope lost additional influence in European politics.
b. The Danes maintained neutrality throughout the conflict.
c. France took control of the Franco-German border.
d. All German states were free to chose their own religion.
e. Some areas of Germany suffered terrible economic devastation. |
|
Definition
| B, The Danes maintained neutrality throughout the conflict |
|
|
Term
Cardinal Richelieu believed the proper approach to the Huguenot minority was to:
a. permit them religious but not military or political rights.
b. grant them full rights and privileges.
c. force them either to become Catholics or emigrate.
d. use their mercantile skills to enrich the crown.
e. treat them with "benign neglect." |
|
Definition
| A, permit them religious but not military or political rights |
|
|
Term
The palace at Versailles was not:
a. a symbol of the Sun King's wealth and grandeur.
b. home to the high nobility.
c. the major royal residence of Louis XIV.
d. the administrative center of the French government.
e. completed during the reign of Louis XIII. |
|
Definition
| E, completed during the reign of Louis XIII. |
|
|
Term
The wars of Louis XIV:
a. greatly expanded the size of France.
b. were typically met by an alliance of other European states.
c. led to the Sun King being overthrown war-weary nobles.
d. brought the northern half of Spain under French control.
e. did not occur until the last two decades of his reign. |
|
Definition
| B, were typically met by an alliance of other European states |
|
|
Term
Frederick William built Brandenburg-Prussia:
a. from scraps of land that he conquered during his own lifetime.
b. on a strong army and support from the nobles.
c. into a functioning constitutional monarchy.
d. into the best example of a theocracy in the eighteenth century.
e. out of two inheritances, one from his mother, one from his father. |
|
Definition
| B, on a strong army and support from the nobles |
|
|
Term
Peter the Great's "Europeanization" of Russia consisted primarily of:
a. constitutional government and democratic government.
b. giving Russian women political if not social rights equal to Russian men.
c. establishing a Senate to debate progressive legislation.
d. requiring his people to shave their beards and dress like Englishmen.
e. importing Western technocrats and technology to his domain. |
|
Definition
| E, importing Western technocrats and technology to his domain |
|
|
Term
At the end of the sixteenth century, ________ had control over much of the southern Mediterranean.
a. the Ottoman Empire
b. Russia
c. Egypt
d. Greece
e. Italy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The decision by England's Charles I to follow a course of "personal rule":
a. allowed him to serve as head of the Church of England.
b. made him reject the House of Lords' nomination for a wife.
c. alienated the Puritans of the Scottish Presbyterian Church.
d. led him to withdraw from politics and society and lose his throne.
e. forced him to raise revenues without calling Parliament into session. |
|
Definition
| E, forced him to raise revenues without calling Parliament into session |
|
|
Term
The English Bill of Rights of 1689 guaranteed that:
a. every Englishman was free from unlawful search and seizure.
b. only Parliament could determine the monarch.
c. only Parliament could raise taxes and armies.
d. every Englishman could worship openly and freely.
e. every man had the right to vote. |
|
Definition
| C, only Parliament could raise taxes and armies |
|
|
Term
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke disagreed over the theory that:
a. man's mind is at birth a tabula rasa.
b. all men are endowed with certain unalienable rights.
c. man once lived in a state of nature without government.
d. the only alternative to social chaos is absolute monarchy.
e. kings rule by divine right. |
|
Definition
| D, the only alternative to social chaos is absolute monarchy |
|
|
Term
Baroque painters were noted for their attempts at:
a. using dramatic techniques to arouse emotion.
b. mocking the artists of the Renaissance.
c. imitating the works of classical artists.
d. producing art with few dynamic qualities.
e. limiting the emotional reaction individuals had to art. |
|
Definition
| A, using dramatic techniques to arouse emotion |
|
|
Term
Which of the following choices places the artistic eras or movements in the appropriate order?
a. Renaissance / Mannerism / Baroque / French Classicism / Dutch Realism
b. Baroque /Renaissance / Dutch Realism / Mannerism / French Classicism
c. Mannerism / Dutch Realism / Baroque / Renaissance / French Classicism
d. Mannerism /Renaissance / French Classicism / Baroque / Dutch Realism
e. Renaissance / French Classicism / Mannerism / Dutch Realism / Baroque |
|
Definition
| A, Renaissance/ Mannerism/ Baroque/ French Classicism/ Dutch Realism |
|
|
Term
The central literary figure of the Elizabethan era was:
a. Shakespeare.
b. Racine.
c. Molière.
d. Cervantes.
e. de Vega. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All of the following were important precursors to the Scientific Revolution except?
a. Renaissance artists
b. technological advances
c. ancient mathematicians
d. Enlightenment philosophers
e. Hermetic magic |
|
Definition
| D, Enlightenment philosophers |
|
|
Term
Copernicus concluded that Ptolemy's view of the universe was:
a. right because it confirmed the laws of reason.
b. wrong because it relied on a series of concentric spheres.
c. the only truly Christian interpretation of the heavens.
d. wrong because it did not match his mathematical calculations.
e. destined to be confirmed by telescopic observations. |
|
Definition
| D, wrong because it did not match his mathematical calculations |
|
|
Term
Kepler's three laws of planetary motion:
a. agreed in every detail with Copernicus' earlier findings.
b. upheld the notion of uniform circular motion.
c. confirmed Copernicus' geocentric view of the universe.
d. led to his condemnation by the Inquisition.
e. convinced him that his belief in the "music of the spheres" was right. |
|
Definition
| E, convinced him that his belief in the "music of the spheres" was right |
|
|
Term
Galileo responded to the Inquisition's first condemnation of his theories by:
a. living quietly in his home the remainder of his life.
b. making a lecture tour in violation of orders.
c. turning from astronomy to the study of mechanics.
d. renouncing his Christian faith.
e. writing a satirical dialogue that landed him in deeper trouble. |
|
Definition
| E, writing a satirical dialogue that landed him in deeper trouble |
|
|
Term
Isaac Newton's law of gravity:
a. showed that one mathematical law applied throughout the universe.
b. came to him when an apple fell on his head.
c. had its inception in his scholar's chambers at Cambridge.
d. overturned much of the work completed by Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo.
e. proved to him that religious teachings were mere superstitions. |
|
Definition
| A, showed that one mathematical law applied throughout the universe |
|
|
Term
The chemist Robert Boyle:
a. classified elements into the first periodic table.
b. worked with Andreas Vesalius to develop new medicines.
c. discovered radioactivity.
d. did not accept the notion of atoms.
e. discovered that the volume of a gas is proportional to the pressure exerted on it. |
|
Definition
| E, discovered that the volume of a gas is proportional to the pressure exerted on it |
|
|
Term
The main difference between early British and German women scientists was that:
a. in Britain they were usually women of leisure, in Germany they were typically craftswomen.
b. in Britain women were inducted into the Royal Society, but not in Germany.
c. British women were more likely to be involved in astronomy.
d. in Germany a woman had to be single to pursue a scientific career.
e. women scientists were more numerous in Britain than in Germany. |
|
Definition
| A, in Britain they were usually women of leisure, in Germany they were typically craftswomen |
|
|
Term
In regards to commonly held ideas about women, the Scientific Revolution:
a. overturned sexual stereotypes.
b. promoted the equality of the sexes.
c. reaffirmed traditional notions.
d. provided scientific evidence that men and women should be equals.
e. rejected the notion that women needed to be controlled. |
|
Definition
| C, reaffirmed traditional notions |
|
|
Term
The significance of Descartes' theories was that they:
a. proved with logic the accuracy of Galileo's laws..
b. allowed the scientist to use reason and faith in the search for truth.
c. created a division between the scientist and the material world.
d. formed an acceptable alternative to Newton's Principia.
e. allowed a scientist to be a practicing Christian. |
|
Definition
| C, created a division between the scientist and the material world |
|
|
Term
Francis Bacon's major contribution to early modern science lay in:
a. his creation of a working scientific method, based on induction.
b. his publication of Discourse on Method.
c. the work he did as president of the Royal Society.
d. his unwillingness to compromise his views, even when highly criticized.
e. the thoroughness of his research, which set an example for younger scholars. |
|
Definition
| A, his creation of a working scientific method, based on induction |
|
|
Term
The learned societies made an important contribution to the Scientific Revolution by:
a. helping scientists communicate with each other and the public.
b. allowing scholars to work in isolation from the public.
c. rejecting the idea of science as a cooperative venture.
d. demonstrating that experimentation could occur without state support.
e. championing the cause of equality for women. |
|
Definition
| A, helping scientists communicate with each other and the public |
|
|
Term
Spinoza differed with all other philosophers of his day about the:
a. Copernican view of the universe.
b. dangers to European civilization of the Jewish faith.
c. natural inferiority of women as scientists.
d. divinity of the material universe.
e. rational elements of Christianity. |
|
Definition
| D, divinity of the material universe |
|
|
Term
At the time of his death Pascal was attempting to:
a. sell commercially his calculating machine.
b. refute the idea of a heliocentric universe.
c. demonstrate the validity of Descartes' dualism.
d. prove that a scientist can be a practicing Christian and vice versa.
e. establish an alternative scientific society in France. |
|
Definition
| D, prove that a scientist can be a practicing Christian and vice versa |
|
|
Term
The long range significance of the Royal Society and Royal Academy was to:
a. help scientists win patents for their inventions.
b. encourage scientists to work cooperatively.
c. provide a venue for female scientists.
d. provide many military inventions to the kings of England and France.
e. establish schools of science for aspiring young scholars. |
|
Definition
| B, encourage scientists to work cooperatively |
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements is not true?
a. The Scientific Revolution affirmed the Ptolemaic worldview.
b. The Scientific Revolution was a precursor to the Enlightenment.
c. The Scientific Revolution helped make Western society more secular.
d. The Scientific Revolution caused Europeans to have changes in their conceptions of humanity.
e. The Scientific Revolution was a major turning point in Western civilization. |
|
Definition
| A, the Scientific Revolution affirmed the Ptolemaic worldview |
|
|
Term
Through such works as his Plurality of Worlds, Bernard de Fontenelle:
a. championed the idea of separation of powers.
b. brought doubt on the legitimacy of the French class structure.
c. brought the findings of science to a lay audience.
d. confirmed the theories of Descartes on dualism.
e. provided precise definitions of all recent scientific terms. |
|
Definition
| C, brought the findings of science to a lay audience |
|
|
Term
Pierre Bayle's work can best be characterized as:
a. increasing religious intolerance.
b. critical of secular documents, but not the Bible.
c. favoring Protestant dogma.
d. skeptical of traditional religious attitudes.
e. supportive of the Catholic Church. |
|
Definition
| D, skeptical of traditional religious attitudes |
|
|
Term
The writers of travel literature in the eighteenth century portrayed:
a. Asians as immoral and intolerant.
b. Democracy on other continents as superior to the monarchies in Europe.
c. non-Christian religions as primitive and barbarous.
d. foreign philosophies as incomplete, waiting for Christian fulfillment.
e. people living in nature in foreign places as happier than Europeans. |
|
Definition
| E, people living in nature in foreign places as happier than Europeans |
|
|
Term
Montesquieu's most important contribution to political science was his:
a. praise for what he considered England's system of checks and balances.
b. satire on French customs, supposedly written by two Arabs.
c. critique of Machiavelli's The Prince.
d. analysis of the faults in the French political system.
e. support for freedom of the press and religion. |
|
Definition
| A, praise for what he considered England's system of checks and balances |
|
|
Term
In his writings concerning the case of Jean Calas, Voltaire condemned:
a. French religious and legal intolerance.
b. parental mistreatment of their children.
c. the Catholic Church for its persecution of the Huguenot minority.
d. the practice of extraditing accused Frenchmen to foreign countries.
e. corporal and capital punishment. |
|
Definition
| A, French religious and legal intolerance |
|
|
Term
In his Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith argued that:
a. land, not gold and silver, constituted the true worth of a country.
b. each businessman should provide his own police protection.
c. the state should monitor and control economic activity.
d. state-run public works thwart the initiative of private entrepreneurs.
e. the state should not interfere in economic matters. |
|
Definition
| E, the state should not interfere in economic matters |
|
|
Term
Rousseau argued in his novel Emile that education:
a. must combine heart and mind, sentiment and reason.
b. was impossible in a world where man is no longer free.
c. should be supported by the state.
d. would and should blur the old distinctions between men and women.
e. should represent the General Will of the society. |
|
Definition
| A, must combine heart and mind, sentiment and reason |
|
|
Term
In Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that:
a. even though women were as reasonable as men they should not have equal rights.
b. women should enjoy equal social, economic and political rights with men.
c. the subjection of men to women was wrong.
d. women should have equal rights despite their natural inferiority.
e. equality of sexes in marriage would be achieved soon. |
|
Definition
| B, women should enjoy equal social, economic, and political rights with men |
|
|
Term
The salons:
a. allowed the hostesses to influence political events and ideas.
b. increased in importance during the French Revolution.
c. typically were composed of members of the lower and middle classes.
d. were subsidized by the government.
e. typically did not allow conversation that was critical of either the government or established religion. |
|
Definition
| A, allowed the hostesses to influence political events and ideas |
|
|
Term
Which artistic style of the eighteenth century attempted to capture to the simplicity and dignity of ancient Greece and Rome?
a. Classical
b. Romanticism
c. Rococo
d. Neoclassicism
e. Baroque |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mozart took his place in the pantheon of composers because of his:
a. apparently effortless blend of grace, emotion, and precision.
b. successful competition with old men like Bach and Haydn.
c. influence at the English court.
d. early rise to international fame.
e. tragic life and early death as a pauper. |
|
Definition
| A, apparently effortless blend of grace, emotion, and precision |
|
|
Term
Edward Gibbon concluded that the decline and fall of Rome:
a. allowed for the emergence of a superior civilization.
b. had nothing to do with religion or the lack of it.
c. was in part caused by Rome's adoption of the Christian faith.
d. was caused by the rise of Islam.
e. was a myth, since Byzantium lasted until 1453. |
|
Definition
| C, was in part caused by Rome's adoption of the Christian faith |
|
|
Term
During the eighteenth century, lower-class criminals condemned to death were often:
a. hanged.
b. beheaded.
c. drowned.
d. drawn and quartered.
e. guillotined. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Jesuits were finally dissolved by papal decree because:
a. their influence had declined since their inception.
b. their secret rituals were believed to include Satanism.
c. they sided with losing factions in the French dynastic wars.
d. they were found guilty of atrocities against American Indians.
e. their high-profile successes created many jealous enemies. |
|
Definition
| E, their high-profile successes created many jealous enemies |
|
|
Term
John Wesley incurred the animosity of Anglican Church officials because:
a. he criticized their lavish and indulgent life style.
b. he conducted worship services in the vernacular English of his day.
c. his services were often filled with excessive emotional enthusiasm.
d. he would not support the Pietistic teachings of the Church.
e. he called on his followers not to attend regular Anglican services. |
|
Definition
| C, his services were often filled with excessive emotional enthusiasm |
|
|
Term
Britain led the Industrial Revolution because of its combination of:
a. slave labor and colonial markets.
b. stable government and protection of private property.
c. polytechnic colleges and joint stock banks.
d. markets on the continent and labor protection laws.
e. natural resources and focus on agriculture. |
|
Definition
| B, stable government and protection of private property |
|
|
Term
The agricultural revolution of the eighteenth century was important to the Industrial Revolution because:
a. it prevented families from purchasing manufactured goods.
b. it provided a pool of surplus labor for the factories.
c. it provided employment opportunities for displaced urban workers.
d. it helped increase food prices.
e. it significantly increased food production. |
|
Definition
| E, it significantly increased food production |
|
|
Term
The significance of the steam engine in the Industrial Revolution was that it:
a. enabled the French and Germans to catch up with the British in production.
b. allowed Indian textiles to compete with British textiles.
c. eliminated the need for fossil fuels to produce energy.
d. led the British to abandon completely the raising of sheep.
e. removed the need both for horses and rivers as sources of power. |
|
Definition
| E, removed the need both for horses and rivers as sources of power |
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements about the relationship between the railroads and Britain's industrial supremacy is not true?
a. The development of the railroad required Britons to develop their civil and mechanical skills.
b. The growth of the railroads encouraged the growth of the iron and coal industries.
c. The growth of the railroads increased the cost of transportation and goods.
d. The railroads encouraged the growth of middle-class investment through joint-stock companies.
e. The railroads trained men who had been farmers to do industrial work. |
|
Definition
| C, the growth of the railroads increased the cost of transportation and goods |
|
|
Term
The major difference between industrial development in Britain and on the continent:
a. can best be seen in the greater number of technical schools built in Britain.
b. is that the continental nations followed an American system of finance.
c. lay in the much greater part continental governments played in the process.
d. lay in the far less use of tariffs to protect manufacturers on the continent.
e. can be found in the establishment of merchant banks in the 1830s. |
|
Definition
| C, lay in the much greater part continental governments played in the process |
|
|
Term
Industrial development in the United States was hindered by:
a. the absence of a good internal transportation system.
b. a declining rural population.
c. the economic policies of the federal government.
d. an inability to borrow technical or mechanical knowledge from Britain.
e. a large number of uneducated immigrants. |
|
Definition
| A, the absence of a good internal transportation system |
|
|
Term
The European population exploded during the nineteenth century despite:
a. an increase in deaths due to warfare.
b. an increase in the death rate.
c. an increase in deaths because of famine.
d. a decrease in the birth rate.
e. the presence of major epidemic diseases. |
|
Definition
| D, a decrease in the birth rate |
|
|
Term
The Irish famine of the mid-nineteenth century was like other famines in that it:
a. was the direct result of military conflict.
b. led to massive emigration from the devastated land.
c. came during a time of major overpopulation.
d. saw an ethnic minority suffer while a majority refused to help.
e. could have been prevented had there been more doctors. |
|
Definition
| B, led to massive emigration from the devastated land |
|
|
Term
The Chadwick Report concluded that in mid-nineteenth century British cities:
a. atmospheric impurities were the cause of epidemics.
b. were incapable of improving the deplorable conditions.
c. women suffered from diseases far more than men.
d. the middle class was as likely to suffer from epidemics as the working poor.
e. children were being brutalized by working conditions. |
|
Definition
| A, atmospheric impurities were the cause of epidemics |
|
|
Term
The Sadler Report studied the damage being done in Britain to:
a. men being worked from twelve to fourteen hours a day.
b. the environment as a result of industrial growth.
c. women turned by poverty to prostitution.
d. children used in the labor force.
e. people's religious faith by ill treatment in factories. |
|
Definition
| D, children used in the labor force |
|
|
Term
One long-term result of the Factory Acts was that:
a. factories gave time off for religious services.
b. workers had more security due to unemployment benefits.
c. women were confined to housework and domestic service.
d. women found greater economic opportunities.
e. children were treated with greater sensitivity both at work and at home. |
|
Definition
| C, women were confined to housework and domestic service |
|
|
Term
Robert Owen believed in an industrial society founded on the principles of:
a. capitalist competition.
b. political activism.
c. workplace violence.
d. cooperative living.
e. constitutional reform. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The Poor Law Act of 1834:
a. legislated mandatory employment for all people.
b. focused on the working poor.
c. greatly benefited poor children.
d. forced unemployed poor people to live workhouses.
e. provided a weekly welfare benefit for all people under a certain income. |
|
Definition
| D, forced unemployed poor people to live in workhouses |
|
|
Term
The People's Charter of 1838:
a. was rejected by Parliament in a close vote.
b. announced the formation of a new Labour Party.
c. demanded that working men be elected to represent labor in Parliament.
d. called for universal male suffrage.
e. put an end to payments for members of Parliament. |
|
Definition
| D, called for universal male suffrage |
|
|
Term
By 1847, Parliament had passed laws designed to:
a. allow the employment of women and children in mines.
b. allow for factory inspections.
c. grant working class men the right to vote.
d. eliminate the use of child labor.
e. limit all children to twelve hours of work a day. |
|
Definition
| B, allow for factory inspections |
|
|
Term
To the victors meeting in Vienna in 1815, "legitimacy" meant:
a. preventing uprisings that might bring continental wars.
b. restoring the Catholic Church to its pre-revolutionary power.
c. balancing the power of the great nations of Europe.
d. restoring the rulers exiled by Napoleon to their thrones.
e. recognizing the leaders of liberal, nationalistic movements. |
|
Definition
| D, restoring the rulers exiled by Napoleon to their thrones |
|
|
Term
In his Reflections on the Revolution in France, Edmund Burke argued that:
a. the tree of liberty should be watered with the blood of revolution.
b. there could never be such a revolution in England.
c. only gradual change prevents destruction of tradition.
d. the French Revolution was completely unjustified.
e. every society needs regular revolutions to cleanse itself. |
|
Definition
| C, only gradual change prevents destruction of tradition |
|
|
Term
The movement for Latin American independence was most directly inspired by the:
a. success of the United States in gaining independence from Britain.
b. Napoleon's toppling of the Bourbon regime in Spain.
c. the Greek revolt in the early 1820s.
d. reforms instituted in France by the Committee of Public Safety.
e. storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789. |
|
Definition
| B, Napoleon's toppling of the Bourbon regime in Spain |
|
|
Term
The Peterloo Massacre in Manchester, England, was brought about by:
a. the refusal of the Tory government to reform Parliamentary representation.
b. rioting by industrial workers against factory abuses.
c. protests against high tariffs on foreign grains.
d. an attempt by Luddites to overthrow that city's governing council.
e. Irish nationalists protesting anti-Catholic laws. |
|
Definition
| C, protests against high tariffs on foreign grains |
|
|
Term
Louis XVIII's moderating reign was opposed primarily by liberals who favored revolutionary reforms and:
a. socialists who wanted labor reforms.
b. utopians who wanted to establish work communes.
c. nationalists who wanted France free of the Congress of Vienna.
d. ultraroyalists who wanted more power for the aristocracy and the Church.
e. militarists who wanted to invade Austria. |
|
Definition
| D, ultraroyalists who wanted more power for the aristocracy and the Church |
|
|
Term
The German organization called Berschenschaften was:
a. successful in achieving its aims by 1848.
b. a literary society dedicated to publishing novels about industrial abuses.
c. composed of professors, students, and provincial princes.
d. dedicated to utopian-socialist reforms.
e. dedicated to establishing a unified and independent German state. |
|
Definition
| C, composed of professors, students, and provincial princes |
|
|
Term
Which of the following countries or regions was least affected by the 1848 revolutions?
a. France
b. Austria
c. Italian states
d. Britain
e. Germany |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In his Principles of Political Economy, David Ricardo argued that:
a. the number of workers determines the level of wages.
b. democracy strengthens a population and thus a nation's economy.
c. population increases geometrically, food arithmetically.
d. governments should control wages to prevent starvation.
e. misery and poverty were a result of the laws of nature. |
|
Definition
| A, the number of workers determines the level of wages |
|
|
Term
John Stuart Mill's liberalism included the argument that:
a. governments should make no laws concerning the economy.
b. the government should take an active role in increasing wages.
c. there should be freedom of opinion except in cases of national loyalty.
d. women should be freed from their subjection to men.
e. the majority should rule in all questions of social behavior. |
|
Definition
| D, women should be freed from their subjection to men |
|
|
Term
Conservatives feared the force of nationalism because it threatened:
a. the stability of Britain and France.
b. to upset the balance of power.
c. the ideas of the utopian socialists.
d. the unity of Germany and Italy.
e. the rule of Louis XVIII. |
|
Definition
| B, to upset the balance of power |
|
|
Term
Utopian socialism was built upon the idea that:
a. competition among workers drives progress.
b. strong states should direct national economies.
c. political reform was more important than economic reform.
d. cooperative living might create a better environment for people.
e. conservative economic principles foster social stability. |
|
Definition
| D, cooperative living might create a better environment for people |
|
|
Term
King Louis-Philippe was called France's bourgeois monarch for all of the following except:
a. he increased the number of voters.
b. in public he dressed in the clothes of an industrialist.
c. his strongest supporters were upper middle class businessmen.
d. he introduced policies that favored the bourgeoisie.
e. he favored the extension of political power to the working class. |
|
Definition
| E, he favored the extension of political power to the working class |
|
|
Term
Mazzini's Young Italy movement was dedicated to:
a. creating a united and independent Italian republic.
b. supporting nationalist movements in other European states.
c. the collection of Italian folklore.
d. physical fitness and training for the wars they knew were coming.
e. the preservation of traditional Italian music. |
|
Definition
| A, creating a united and independent Italian republic |
|
|
Term
In the United States, John Marshall:
a. introduced an economic proposal that stabilized the national government.
b. led armies to victory in the Mexican War.
c. increased the authority of the Supreme Court and the national government.
d. served as a key advisor to Presidents Jefferson and Madison.
e. proposed a series of compromises on the issue of slavery. |
|
Definition
| C, increased the authority of the Supreme Court and the national government |
|
|
Term
The English Romantics, as different as they were, all agreed that:
a. the life of man is one of continuing melancholy.
b. poets must become one with nature.
c. their goal was to rid England of religion and reform the world.
d. poetry is the most direct expression of man's soul.
e. socialism is the political ideology of the poet. |
|
Definition
| D, poetry is the most direct expression of man's soul |
|
|
