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counter attack lead by British and French against Germany during WWI
two parts to battle
set stage for trench warfare for years of war to come |
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German attack on french stronghold
goal was to break morale
one million shells fired the first day
ten month struggle for the town
eventually advantage fell to the french |
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british opened their own offensive against germany
fierce five day bombardment blasting the German lines with massive amount of artillery |
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| Britain's foreign secretary made the pledge. britain declared their support of the establishment in Palestine of a national home for Jewish people.-european zionists took this declaration very seriously |
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british passenger liner that was carrying secret war supplies and killed both americans and other allies
sunk because of german U-Boat |
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made by Woodrow Wilson
Germany up land to Denmark
Germany can't build up any sort of military
army can only have 100,000 men |
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| war guilt clause- blamed war on germany |
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created by wilson
calls for freedom of the seas, end to secret diplomacy, establishment of a league of nations
british and french to get germany to pay war reparations |
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| called for germany to attack france first, secure a quick victory that would neutralize the western front and free german army to fight russia in east |
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location of the first large scale amphibious attach in history, major defeat for the allies
british and french try to open up the dardanelles |
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| Russia looses territory and takes them out of WWI |
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| Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy |
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| local groups that have been elected by soldiers and workers to represent them- want to get out of the war, have land reform, take some of it away from the rich |
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| Development of fascist party in Italy |
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o Send troops in and take grain (don’t ask, or pay for it, just take it) then redistribute into the cities
o Militarization of factories, money is abolished, private trade is abolished |
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forced peasants to give up their private land, farming implements, and livestock and to join collective farms
under Stalin |
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| people opposed to Stalin stopping rebellions with military and artillery |
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made up of social democratic party of germany
leader is Fredrick Ebert |
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hitlers personal body guard
in charge of death squads and concentration camps |
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Brown shirts headed by Roen
army of thugs that helped hitler rise to power |
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| the head of the S.A. is decapitated, Hitler uses his personal body guard the S.S. |
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over 200 Jewish synagogue are burned down by the S.A. and 7500 business are attacked, 92 Jews killed, thousands wounded
o Started because a Jewish kid shot and killed a German diplomat |
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| wrote essays and novels (mrs. dalloway, to the lighthouse, and a room of one's own) offered an eloquent and biting critique of Britain's elite institutions from the universities tthat isolated women and others |
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writes grapes of wrath
plight of impoverished farmers fleeing from the dust owl to california only to find that all the land had been monopolized by companies that exploited their workers |
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Pablo Picasso was one
said that color and line express inherent psychological qualities all by themselves, and so a painting need not have a subject at all |
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| said their works had no real meaning, used random scraps to make their work (wood, glass, metal) and gave them really weird names |
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| architecture style that says the appearance of a building should proclaim the actual use and purpose |
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leading practitioner of functionalism
built a school to serve as a center for the theory and practice of modern architecture |
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| Hitlers attempt to overthrow government in Bavaria |
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| name of allied invasion of France |
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| planning for the landing in France and the implementation of it |
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| one of the most infamous of the concentration camps in Germany |
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| atomic bombs dropped here, in order |
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| lighting war- tactic used by the germans |
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germans effort to break the back of the soviet industry
German lead offensive
germans loose |
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| death squads that killed jews, etc. |
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| developing of the atomic bomb |
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| Hitler's plan for invasion of the soviet union |
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nevil chamberlin (british prime minister meets with french president and hitler in munich)
hitler wont rest until he gets sudetenland
british and french pretty much sell out Czechs |
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had a large german ethnic population
in Czechoslovakian |
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| America supplies Britain, and Russia, and allies with equipment such as planes, trucks, other supplies |
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bombing in Spain, killed innocent civilians
theory was if you attacked civilians you weaken the enemies war effort |
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Italy (Mussolini) wants this
wanted to make Mediterranean an Italian empire |
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| japanese invasion of manchuria,they killed all, burned all, destroyed all, and raped and slaughtered chinese citizens |
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Evacuation of over 300,000 British and french troops after they were cut off in northern france by a german armored division
-evacuated by sea |
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used to make the agricultural and industrial industry grow in russia.
stalin implemented it to help expedite the collectivization process, used to launch the USSR into a fast industrial state |
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| stalin purged the communist party of the soviet union. also known as the soviet holocaust |
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soviet commander, broke through german blockade during leningrad, helped coordinate battle of kursk
also launched the final assult on germany and captured berlin |
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government in france, during german occupation of france
they willfully cooperated with the germans |
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