Term
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Definition
Many studies show a student's culture has a direct impact on learning.
If T ignore cultural differences, it causes communication issues, inhibits learning and increases the potential for behavior probs.
S need that the info present/examples to be relevant in his life experiences; otherwise, it won't make sense to him. |
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Term
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Definition
Set of people/institutions with which one associates and communicates. Sometimes defined by race, gender, age, culture, or behavioral patterns.
Encourage understanding/acceptance between groups.
Social Cognitivism (theory) believes ppl learn by observing others, whether they know it or not. Create opportunities for S to interact w/ diverse social groups in a neutral, non-threatening situation to bring positive interpersonal growth. |
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Term
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Definition
Process of learning the (un)written rules, acceptable behavior patterns, and accumulated knowledge of community in order to function w/in its culture.
Six forms:
Reverse: deviation from acceptable behavior patterns
Developmental: process of learning social skills.
Primary: learning attitudes, values and actions of a culture.
Secondary: learning behavior req'd in a smaller group w/in the culture.
Anticipatory: practicing behavior in prep for joining a group.
Resocialization: discarding old behavior and learning new behavior as part of a life transition (starting school, moving, joining the military). |
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Term
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Definition
| defined as a lack of social skills (a disrespectful term). Can be due to a medical condition (Autism/Asperger's). Can go both ways - person w/ overly bold personality can be just as inept. Is different in each culture. |
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Term
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Definition
Tools used to interact and communicate with others. Learned during the socialization process (both verbal and nonverbal).
General skills: ask sensible questions/give logical answers, reading/writing, follow simple directions.
Advanced: body language, resolving conflicts, being diplomatic when necessary. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sending home periodic progress reports/being available to meet to answer questions is an effective way to keep parents abreast of changes. |
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Term
| Parent/Student/Teacher Agreement |
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Definition
Provides students with a written set of expectations and explains their commitment to a successful educational experience.
Parent priorities: Show respect for and support S, T and discipline policy. Monitor hw, attend conferences, ask about S day.
Student Priorities:
Show respect for parents, T, and school property. Put forth best effort in class/at home, come to class prepared, talk to parents about school.
Teacher Priorities:
Show respect for S, parents, and culture. Help S strive to reach his potential, provide fair progress evals to S and parents, enforce rules fairly and consistently.
Goals this accomplishes:
Parents are recognized as impt part of educational experience; made aware of what's expected of them, S, T. Students are given written expectations, which prevent an "I didn't know" attitude. Encourages respect for himself, parents, his teachers, peers and the rules.
T make a written commitment to S and parents to provide an environment that encourages learning. Lists specific, observable behavior which they pledge to perform. |
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Term
| Pedagogy of the Oppressed |
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Definition
| Most influential text in development of multicultural educations is "Pedagogy of the Oppressed" by Paolo Freire. Considered very radical/banned in sev countries. It criticizes the traditional notion of S as empty vessels to be filled by T. Claims it ignores students knowledge/only uses Eurocentric thinking (to be assumed is superior). Method of students/T having instructional convo to inform one another is called "dialogic". |
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Term
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Definition
Philosophy that is in reaction to the multicultural curriculum (which is criticized for being too scattered). It emphasizes presence of discrimination in all areas: race, gender, linguistic ability/background, sexual orientation.
Explicit goal: social justice.
Theoretical foundation (2 distinct curricula in education):
Formal: explicit materials, books, syllabi.
Hidden: set of ideas/prejudices that are indirectly/implicitly delivered to students.**Generally thought that there is more inherent bias in hidden curriculum than formal.
Example: Discussion of American history, T would be careful to explore how American and European historians have marginalized/de-emphasized the contributions of minorities/Native Americans. |
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Term
| Goals and Criticisms of Antibias Curriculum |
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Definition
Goals: Improve the confidence/enhance self-perception of S, help S see themselves and their culture as they relate to others, improve empathy by encouraging S to consider the mental and emotional situations of others, encourage S to think critically about content areas, have S who will stand up for themselves and for others being discriminated against.
Criticisms: Curriculum swings pendulum too far in other direction, has an implicit bias against European ideas/cultural norms, too "Afrocentric", tends to omit contributions of smaller minorities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pair more advanced ELL students (5th grade?) with lesser advanced ELL's (2nd grade?). Will work receptively as older students practice explaining concepts while younger S enjoy working with mentors and may be more receptive to the material than with T. Helpful to pair S when they are of similar backgrounds? Great chance to develop social skills. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chinese-American students claimed they were receiving inferior education bc of their LEP. title VI of Civil Rights Act of 1964 asserts no indiv can be discriminated against on basis of national origin/lang difference. |
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Term
| Meyer vs. Nebraska (1923) |
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Definition
This ruling states that the states cannot restrict foreign-language instruction. Equal Protection and Due Process clauses of 14th amendment prohibit racial and ethnic discrimination. Minority groups have used this to protect their linguistic rights and the courts have supported them.
Happened after WWI, when Nebraska tried to ban teaching of any lang other than English. |
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Term
| Bilingual Education Act of 1968 |
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Definition
| Provides local school districts with federal money for the establishment of EL programs for S whose primary lang is Spanish. Promoted the idea that non-English speakers should be instructed in English but allowed to maintain other distinctive aspects of their heritage; forced schools to establish specific programs to meet the needs of students of all backgrounds (beyond just educational materials). |
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Term
| Castaneda vs. Pickard (1981) |
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Definition
Established 3 criteria for bilingual education in US:
1) bilingual ed programs must be based on sound educational theory
2) must be implemented effectively with resources for personnel, instructional materials, and space
3)Must prove to be effective at overcoming linguistic barriers.
Case arose from Mexican-American's complaint that his 3 kids were receiving inferior bilingual ed in Texas bc the programs weren't sophisticated enough. |
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Term
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Definition
| Effectively terminated the Bilingual Ed Act of 1968. Did away with BiEd programs and declared that students must be tested in English annually. The right and responsibility to establish appropriate programs for S learning English is left to indiv school districts. |
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Term
| Subtractive/Additive Bilingualism |
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Definition
May advocates of English-only instruction believe that S are best served when they abandon their L1 and culture.
Subtractive: any form of bilingual ed that places English above S L1.
Additive: Programs that seek to improve skills in both L1 and L2, as indded to use the two languages as reinforcements for one another. Conciously avoids marginalizing native lang and culture of each student. |
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