The optimal health and vitality.

life lived actively, energetically, and fully.

determined by decisions.

satisfying relationships, mutual loving, supportive.

includes good communication skills, intimacy, and family and friends

What is the environmental/planetary demension of wellness?

Give examples.

personal health depends on health of planet.

including food supply, degree of violence, UV radiation, water pollution, secondhand smoke.

infectious diseases vs. chronic diseases

What is an infectious disease?

Give three examples.

Spreads from person to person.

Influenza, smallpox, tuberculosis

What are chronic diseases?

Give two examples.

Diseases that develop over a long period of time.

Cancer, heart disease

To increase the quality and years of a healthy life and to eliminate health disparities among Americans.

Concerning the health issues for diverse populations, what are the differences?

(categories)

Genetics, demographics, culture, education, sex.

Biological: genes

Cultural: patterns of behavior through daily interactions with families, communities, and society.

What is stereotyping?

Give an example.

Talking about groups, not individuals.

Ex: "All Americans are obese"

"All blondes are dumb"

What is over-generalizing?

Give an example.

Ignoring biological and cultural diversity that exists within that group.

Ex: hispanics

What is the difference between sex and gender?

Give examples of specific conditions.

Sex is the biological and physiological characteristics (parts, hormones)

Ex: breast cancer, testicular cancer

Gender are the roles, behaviors, activities that society considers appropriate

Ex: alcohol consumption, income

Why do ethnic minorities have higher death raters?

Poverty and low educational attainment.

infant mortality, traumatic injury, heart disease.

more likely to suffer from poor nutrition, obesity, smoke, drink, and use drugs.

more likely to be uninsured, no doctor, and rely on ER

What are the total amount of people in the US with HIV/AIDS?

What about globally?

1,040,000 - 1,185,000

33.5 - 46 million

Precontemplation

Contemplation

Preparation

Action

Maintenance

Termination/Adoption

not intending to change;

uninformed, unaware, or discouraged

-thinking about change, but not ready

-knows you need to change in 6 months

-education and peer support are influential

-intending to change soon, in one month

-initial steps taken to begin change

-modifications are occurring

-involves time and energy

-modifications are recognized by others

-fully developed in 6 months

-target behavior has been modified up to 5 years

-efforts aimed at preventing relapse

-behavior maintained for 5 years

-change is a part of lifestyle

-past obstacles don't pose relapse threat

-write goals

-change environment

-monitor progress

-reward success

-involve family and friends

-S.M.A.R.T.

Specific

Measurable

Achievable

Relevant

Timely

What is positive stress and what is negative stress?

Eustress

Distress

What is eustress?

Give an example.

pleasant stress.

Ex: a date

What is distress?

Give an example.

Unpleasant stress.

Ex: cop in rearview mirror

The physiological reaction from a stressor.

Nervous and endocrine system.

Sympathetic: arousal and neurotransmitters (norepinephrine)

Parasympathetic: relaxation

Glands, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones to help control body functions.

Helps prepare body to respond to stress (fight or flight response)

1. hypthalamus (brain)

-acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)

2. pituitary gland (brain)

-adrenocorticotropic (hormone in blood)

3. adrenal glands (top of kidneys)

-cortisol, epinephrine, endorphins

cortisol - increases sugar in blood and use of glucose in the brain, decreases non essential body functions

epinephrine - adrenaline; increases heart rate, blood pressure, and energy supplies

endorphins - pain reliever

-decrease of digestion

-increased metabolism

-increased sweating

-decreased salivation

-increased muscular tension

-increased cardiac function (HR, BP)

-more acute vision and hearing

Emotional: partly determined by inborn personalit and temperament, regulated with coping techniquest.

Behavioral: conscious actions

What two factors can reduce the magnitude of a stress response?

successful prediction of the stressor (pop quiz vs. known quiz)

and

perception of control over the situation (how much you study)

Type A (controlling, higher stress)

Type B (laid back, less frustrated, more tolerant)

What are the three stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome?

Alarm (fight or flight)

Resistance

Exhaustion

What are some common consequences of stress?

What are some techniques for managing stress?

set priorities, schedule tasks for times of peak efficiency, set realistic goals, budget enough time to achieve goals, break long term goals into short term ones, do less pleasurable ones first, jump into task instead of waiting, consolidate tasks, ask help (delegate responsibility), don't feel guilty by saying no, and take breaks (have free time)

Tobacco (addictive, increases neurotransmitters), alcohol, drugs, caffeine, unhealthy eating.

being mentally, emotionally, socially, and spiritually well.

(thinking, feeling, relating, being)

What are the ten key characteristics of psychosocially healthy people?

***

self-efficacy (believe I will perform a task well) and self-esteem, learned helplessness vs. learned optimism, personality, life span and maturity

signs: what objective observer can document or see (breathing, sweating)

symptoms: subjective feeling that individual experiences (hopelessness)

Chemicals used to relay, amplify, and modulate signals between neuron and another cell.

Synapse.

Dopamine-motivation, pleasure, wanting

Serotonin-memory, emotions, sleep, temperature regulation

Feelings of threat and worry.

Ex: social anxiety, phobias, OCD

affects how you feel.

10% or 21 mil adults

Ex: depression, bipolar

Sudden unexpected surges in anxiety, rapid and strong heartbeat, shortness of breath, feeling of losing mental control

What is obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)?

And what are the differences between obsessions and compulsions?

obsessions: recurrent, unwanted thoughts (mere thought)

compulsions: repetitive, difficult to resist actions (acting on the thought)

mania: restless, excessive, energy, insomnia, extremes of behavior

bipolar: a person that swings between manic and depressive states

What are some signs of suicide?

1. Know what to watch for: symptoms of depression, warning signs of suicide

2. If you see warning signs of suicide, ask questions.

3. Never keep a plan for suicide a secret.

4. Don't try to minimize problems or shame a person into changing their mind.

5. If not in immediate danger, offer to work together and help.

It really depeonds on the condition and severity.

Factors: how long you've had symptoms, how severe.

-self-help (books, journaling)

-peer counseling and support groups

-religion

-social groups

-professional help (psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, social workers, clergy, treatment team, etc.)

1. rank determines the level of stress (dominant males have less stress than submissive males)

2. low rankers have higher blood pressure, quicker heart rate, and a bad immune system

Yes.

A bacteria causes ulcers (bacterial disorder), but stress increases it because the immune system shuts down, not allowing them to fight off bacteria.

The distribution of weight relates to hierarchy, then to stress.

Subordinate monkeys have more stomach fat.

Fat from stress is worse for health.

Telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes.

They shrink over time, stress increases shortening, tend to die earlier.