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| Decrease or shrinkage in cell size |
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| Increase in size of cells, and consequently, of affected organ. |
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| Increase in number of cells due to increase in speed of cell division. |
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| allows certain types of organs to regenerate. |
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| occurs in estrogen dependent organs as part of reproductive process. |
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| occurs as result of excessive hormonal stimulation. |
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| abnormal change in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells. Aka atypical hyperplasia. (NOT the same as cancer.) |
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| reversible replacement of one mature cell by another cell type. |
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| the sum of cellular changes after local cell death and the process of cellular lysis. It provokes an inflammatory reaction in surrounding tissue |
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| is an active process of cellular self-destruction, called programmed cell death, that is implicated in both normal and pathologic tissue changes. |
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| Summary of differences between Necrosis and Apoptosis |
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| : Apoptosis depends on a tightly regulated cellular program for its initiation and execution. Programmed cell death involves enzymes that cut up other proteins (proteases) that are, themselves, activated by proteolytic activity in response to signals that induce apoptosis. These proteases are called caspases, a family of aspartic acid–specific proteases. The activated suicide caspases cleave, and thereby activate, other members of the family resulting in an amplifying “suicide” cascade. The activated caspases then cleave other key proteins in the cell, killing it quickly and neatly… Cells that die by apoptosis release chemical factors that recruit phagocytes that quickly engulf the remains of the dead cell, thus reducing chances of inflammation. With necrosis, cell death is not neat because cells that die as a result of acute injury swell, burst, and spill their contents all over their neighbors, likely causing a damaging inflammatory response. Molecular helpers in apoptosis are present in different subcellular compartments, including the plasma membrane, cytosol, mitochondria, and nucleus. The progression of apoptosis depends on the interplay among these compartments and the exchange of specific signaling molecules. |
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