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| conflict, tension and competition that existed between the US&Soviet Union and their respective allies from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s. the rivalry between the 2 superpowers was expressed through military coalitions, propaganda, espionage, weapns development, industrial advances, and competitive technological development |
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| a system of social organization in which all economic and social activity is controlled by a totalitarian state dominated by a single and self-perpetuating political party. |
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1818-1883.
German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary. With the help and support of Friedrich Engels he wrote The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Das Kapital (1867-1894). These works explain historical development in terms of the interaction of contradictory economic forces, form the basis of all communist theory, and have had a profound influence on the social sciences.
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| a barrier to understanding and the exchange of information and ideas created by ideological, political, and military hostility of one country toward another, esp. such a barrier between the Soviet Union and its allies and other countries. |
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| an act or policy of restricting the territorial growth or ideological influence of another, esp. a hostile nation. |
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1884-1972.
The 33rd President of the United States (1945-1953). He authorized the use of the atomic bomb against Japan (1945), implemented the Marshall Plan (1948), initiated the establishment of NATO (1949), and ordered U.S. involvement in the Korean War (1950-1953). |
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| the policy of President Truman, as advocated in his address to Congress on March 12, 1947, to provide military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey and, by extension, to any country threatened by Communism or any totalitarian ideology. |
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A program by which the United States gave large amounts of economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild after the devastation of WWII. It was proposed by the United States secretary of state, General George C. Marshall. |
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| the nations that signed the joint declaration in Washington, D.C., January 2, 1942, pledging to employ full resources against the Axis powers, not to make a separate peace, etc. |
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| airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin |
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| an organization formed in Washington, D.C. (1949), comprising the 12 nations of the Atlantic Pact together with Greece, Turkey, and the Federal Republic of Germany, for the purpose of collective defense against aggression. |
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| A military alliance of communist nations in eastern Europe. Organized in 1955 in answer to NATO, the Warsaw Pact included Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union. It disintegrated in 1991, in the wake of the collapse of communism in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. |
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1893–1976, Chinese Communist leader: chairman of the People's Republic of China 1949–59; chairman of the Chinese Communist party 1943–76. |
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| United States general who supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany; 34th President of the United States (1890-1961) |
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| the war, begun on June 25, 1950, between North Korea, aided by Communist China, and South Korea, aided by the United States and other United Nations members forming a United Nations armed force: truce signed July 27, 1953. |
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| competition between countries to achieve superiority in quantity and quality of military arms. US v. SU |
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| the competitive nature of the nations involved in space exploration sparked by the Soviet's launch of the first satellite in outer space, Sputnik |
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| the practice of making accusations of disloyalty, esp. of pro-Communist activity, in many instances unsupported by proof or based on slight, doubtful, or irrelevant evidence. |
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| United States charismatic civil rights leader and Baptist minister who campaigned against the segregation of Blacks (1929-1968) |
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| the refusal to obey certain laws or governmental demands for the purpose of influencing legislation or government policy, characterized by the employment of such nonviolent techniques as boycotting, picketing, and nonpayment of taxes. |
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American civil rights leader. Her refusal to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama, resulted in a citywide boycott of the bus company and stirred the civil rights movement across the nation.
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| A group of northern idealists active in the civil rights movement. The Freedom Riders, who included both blacks and whites, rode buses into the South in the early 1960s in order to challenge racial segregation. Freedom Riders were regularly attacked by mobs of angry whites and received often belated protection from federal officers. |
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