Term
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Definition
| group of cells with similar structure and all perform a common or related function |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of tissues and cells through microscopic anatomy |
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Term
| What are the four basic tissues? |
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Definition
-epithelial tissue
-connective tissue
-muscle tissue
-nerve tissue |
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Term
| What is the purpose of epithelial tissue? |
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Definition
| covers and lines our body surfaces and cavities; ex. superficial layers of skin |
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Term
| What is the purpose of connective tissue? |
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Definition
| supports other tissues or structures; ex. faschia supports and connects pretty much everything |
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Term
| What is the purpose of muscle tissue? |
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Definition
| produces motion that ranges from large skeletal movement to smaller involuntary movement |
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Term
| What is the purpose of nervous tissue? |
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Definition
| forms the body's control centers and is capable of sending and receiving information, storing memories, and processing data; ex. nerves throughout body |
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Term
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Definition
internal communication:
brain, spinal cord, and nerves |
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Term
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Definition
contracts to cause movement:
skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, and smooth muscles |
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Term
| What is epithelial tissue? |
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Definition
forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, and filters:
lining of internal organs, skin surface |
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Term
| What is connective tissue? |
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Definition
supports, protects, and binds other tissues:
bones, tendons, fat and other padding tissues |
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Term
| What is the purpose of epithelial tissue? |
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Definition
1. covers and lines surfaces to help create barriers
2. sometimes forms glands that secrete a hormone or whatever |
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Term
| What are the special properties of epithelial tissue? |
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Definition
| cellularity, specialized contacts, and polarity, connective tissue support, avascular, and regeneration |
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Term
| What does it mean when epithelial tissue has cellularity? |
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Definition
| lots and lots of very tightly packed cells with very little ECM |
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Term
| What does it mean when epithelial tissue has specialized contacts? |
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Definition
| packed together very tight via tight junctions and desmosomes that prevent the cell from being pulled apart by external forces |
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Term
| What does it mean when epithelial tissue has polarity? |
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Definition
cells have a top and a bottom:
top=apical surface that faces towards body surface
bottom=basale surface that faces away from body surface |
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Term
| What are the two types of apical specializations? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| motile appendages that grow from the free cell surface |
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Term
| What is the purpose of cilia? |
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Definition
move substances along that are present in the lumen of a body cavity that they line
ex. cilia in lungs clean air of debris |
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Term
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Definition
| foldings of the cell's plasma membrane |
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Term
| What is the purpose of microvilli? |
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Definition
serve as extensions that increase surface area which is useful in areas of body that need to absorb products
ex. digestive microvilli increase surface area |
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Term
| What does it mean when epithelial tissue has connective tissue support? |
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Definition
| epithelial found on the basal side of all epithelial cells that serves to provide nutritional support and may act as selective barrier |
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Term
| What does it mean when epithelial tissue is avascular? |
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Definition
| it receives no direct blood supply, but instead receives nutrition from blood vessels located in underlying connective tissue |
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Term
| What does it mean when epithelial tissue has regeneration? |
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Definition
| the basal epithelial cells undergo rapid division for the purpose of replacing the apical cells which die |
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Term
| What are the two ways to classify epithelial tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the different classifications of epithelium according to layers? |
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Definition
simple
stratified
pseudostratified |
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Term
| What does it mean if the epithelium is simple? |
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Definition
| tissue that is compose of a single layer of epithelial cells |
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Term
| What does it mean if the epithelium is stratified? |
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Definition
| epithelium contains more than one layer of cells |
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Term
| What does it mean if the epithelium is psuedostratified? |
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Definition
| tissue appears to be stratified but the basal layer of each cell actually reaches the basal membrane |
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Term
| What are the different classifications of epithelium according to shape? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe squamus epithelial cells. |
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Definition
| cells with a flattened appearance |
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Term
| Describe cuboidal epithelial cells. |
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Definition
| cells which are cube-like or square |
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Term
| Describe columnar epithelial cells. |
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Definition
| cells with a tall, rectangular shape |
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Term
| What happens when you combine the two types of epithelial classifications? |
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Definition
you get 6 different ways to classify epithelium
ex: 1 layer + squamus cells = simple squamus epithelium |
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Term
| Describe simple epithelium. |
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Definition
-consists of ONE layer of cells
-all rest on basement membrane
-not all reach the apical surface |
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Term
| What are the types of simple epithelium? |
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Definition
-simple squamus
-simple cuboidal
-simple columnar
-pseudostratified |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of simple squamus epithelium? |
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Definition
-consists of single layer of cells
-very, very thing
-very permeable |
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Term
| Where can simple squamus epithelium be found? |
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Definition
| alveoli, capillaries, kidney tubules |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of simple cuboidal epithelium? |
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Definition
-consists of single layer of cells
-cube shaped cells in a row (like blocks)
-involved in secretion and absorption |
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Term
| Where can simple cuboidal epithelium be found? |
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Definition
| kidney tubules, walls of ducts of glands |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of simple columnar epithelium? |
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Definition
-consists of single layer of cells
-looks like tall blocks in a row
-mainly functions for absorption |
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Term
| Where can simple columnar epithelium be found? |
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Definition
| absorption with aid of microvilli in digestive tract, absorption in lungs with air of cilia |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of pseudostratified epithelium? |
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Definition
-all cells rest on basement membrane, but not all reach apical membrane
-appears stratified, but not
-cells vary in height, therefore nuclei at different levels
-associated with excretion and absorption |
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Term
| Where can pseudostratified epithelium be found? |
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Definition
| in the trachea in order to collect dust and dirt with aid of cilia to keep airway clear to lungs |
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Term
| Describe stratified epithelium. |
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Definition
-two or more layers of cells
-not all touch basement membrane or apical surface
-regenerate from below |
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Term
| What are the types of stratified epithelium? |
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Definition
-stratified squamus
-stratified cuboidal
-stratified columnar |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of stratified squamus epithelium? |
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Definition
-flattened and keratinized squamus cells at apical surface and deeper layers may be cuboidal or columnar
-main function if protection |
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Term
| Where can stratified squamus epithelium be found? |
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Definition
keratinized form: skin
non-keratinized form: moist lining, like mouth |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of stratified cuboidal epithelium? |
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Definition
-basal layers are cuboidal or columnar
-called "transitional" because they change shape as tissue is forced to stretch |
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Term
| Where can stratified cuboidal epithelium be found? |
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Definition
bladder
(when bladder fills, cuboidal epithelium squishes and flattens to become squamus epithelium) |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of stratified columnar epithelium? |
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Definition
-very rare in the body
-main function is protection |
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Term
| Where can stratified columnar epithelium be found? |
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Definition
| large ducts of glands, like ureter or pharynx |
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Term
| What are the two types of glandular epithelium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is exocrine glandular epithelium? |
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Definition
released from a duct to the outside of the body
ex. sweat |
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Term
| What is endocrine glandular epithelium? |
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Definition
released directly into the blood stream so no ducts are required
ex. hormones |
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Term
Identify what type of epithelium this is.
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Identify what type of epithelium this is.
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| Identify what type of epithelium this is.[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Identify what type of epithelium this is.
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Identify what type of epithelium this is.
[image] |
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Definition
stratified squamus
[image] |
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Term
Identify what type of epithelium this is.
[image] |
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Definition
stratified cuboidal
[image] |
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