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| The kingdom composed of multicellular eukaryotes lacking cell walls |
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| An antimicrobial agent, usually produced naturally by a bacterium or fungus |
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| Lab techniques used to minimize contamination |
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| The structure of motility found in spirochetes; also called endoflagellum |
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| Domain of prokaryotic organisms, characterized by peptidoglycan cell walls |
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| Prokaryotic cell reproduction by division into two daughter cells |
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| The system of having two names (genus and specfic epithet) for each organism; also called scientific nomenclature |
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| The theory that living cells arise only from preexisting cells |
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| All living organisms are composed of cells and arise from preexisting cells |
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| The common name for bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae |
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| An exotoxin that causes gastroenteritis, such as produced by Staphylococcus, Vibro, and Escherichia |
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| All eukaryotes (animals, plants, fungi, and protists); members of the Domain Eukarya |
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| A cell having DNA inside a distinct membrane-enclosed nucleus |
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| A group of closely-related organisms that can interbreed |
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| The enzymatic degradation of carbohydrates in which the final electron acceptor is an organize molecule. ATP is synthesized by the substrate-level phosphorylation, and oxygen is not required. |
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| An organism that belongs to the Kingdom Fungi; a eukaryotic absorptive chemoheterotroph |
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| The principle that microorganisms cause disease |
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| A living organism too small to be seen with the naked eye; includes bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and microscopic algae; also includes virus |
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| The process of mild heating to kill particular spoilage microorganisms or pathogens |
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| The kingdom composed of multicellular eukaryotes with cellulose cell walls |
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| A cell whose genetic materials is not enclosed in a nuclear envelope |
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| A population of cells that share certain rRNA sequences; in conventional biochemical testing, it is a population of cells with similar characteristics |
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| A stalk or bud protruding from a prokaryotic cell |
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| Term used for unicellular and simple multicellular eukaryotes; usually protozoa and algae |
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| Recombinant DNA; a DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from two different sources |
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| A corkscrew-shaped bacterium with axial filaments |
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| The idea that life could arise spontaneously from nonliving matter |
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| Genetically different cells within a clone |
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| A chemotherapeutic agent that is prepared from chemicals in a lab |
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| The science of the classification of organisms |
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| A group of virus sharing the same genetic information and ecological niche |
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