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weathering and soil formation
chapter 7 key terms
22
Science
7th Grade
12/05/2006

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Term
weathering
Definition
is the process that breaks down rock and other substances at Earth's surface
Term
erosion
Definition
is the moving of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
Term
mechanical (physical) weathering
Definition
rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.
Term
abrasion
Definition
the grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity.
Term
ice wedging
Definition
wedges of ice in rock.
Term
chemical weathering
Definition
the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes
Term
permeable
Definition
a material is full of tiny connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it.
Term
soil
Definition
the loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow.
Term
bedrock
Definition
the solid layer of rock beneath the soil
Term
humus
Definition
is a dark-clolored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay.
Term
loam
Definition
soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt.
Term
soil horizon
Definition
soil that differs in color and texter from the layers above or below it.
Term
topsoil
Definition
a crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay and other materials
Term
subsoil
Definition
it consists of clay and other particles waswhed down from the A horizon, but little humus.
Term
litter
Definition
as plants shed leaves, they form a loose layer.
Term
decomposers
Definition
organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller peices and digest them with chemicals.
Term
sod
Definition
the thick mass of tough roots at the surface of the soil.
Term
renewable resource
Definition
it is naturally replaced in a relatively short time.
Term
dust bowl
Definition
an area where wind erosion caused severe loss of topsoil in the 1930's.
Term
soil conservation
Definition
the managment of soil to prevent its destruction.
Term
contour plowing
Definition
the practice of plowing feilds along the curves of a slope.
Term
conservation plowing
Definition
it disturbes the soil and its plant cover as little as possible.
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