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Weathering and Soil Formation
Chapter 7 Key Terms
25
Science
7th Grade
12/05/2006

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Term
weathering-
Definition
is the process that breaks down rock and other substance at Earth's surface.
Term
erosion-
Definition
is the movement of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or, gravity
Term
Mechanical Weathering-
Definition
the type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces
Term
abrasion-
Definition
it refers to the grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity
Term
ice wedging-
Definition
wedges of ice in rocks widen and deepen cracks
Term
chemical weathering-
Definition
is the process that breaks down the rock through chemical changes
Term
permable-
Definition
means that a material is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it
Term
soil-
Definition
is the loose, weathered material on earths surface in which plants can grow
Term
Bedrock-
Definition
is the solid layer of rock beneath the soil
Term
Humus-
Definition
is a dark-colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay
Term
loam-
Definition
soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt,
Term
soil horizon-
Definition
is a layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it
Term
topsoil-
Definition
a crumbly,dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other soil.
Term
subsoil-
Definition
unusally consists of clay and other particles washed down from the A horizon, but a little humus
Term
litter-
Definition
as plants shed leaves, they form a loose layer
Term
Decomposers-
Definition
are the organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals
Term
sod-
Definition
the thick mass of tough roots at the surface face of the soil-kept the soil in place and held onto moisture
Term
renewable resources-
Definition
is one that is naturally replaced in a relatively short time
Term
dust bowl
Definition
was a area where wind erosion caused severe loss of the topsoil during the 1930's
Term
soil consevation-
Definition
is the management of soil to prevent its destruction
Term
cotour plowing-
Definition
is the pratice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope
Term
consevation plowing-
Definition
disturbs the soil and its plant cover as little as possible
Term
factors of mechanical weathering are
Definition
wind, water and ice
Term
three causes of chemical weathering are
Definition
water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, living organisms, and acid rain
Term
factors that cause affect the rate of weatheringare
Definition
the rock and climate
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