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weathering and soil formation
chapter 7 key terms
22
Science
7th Grade
12/05/2006

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Term
Weathering
Definition
the process that breaks down rock and other substances at earth's surface
Term
erosion
Definition
the movement of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
Term
mechanical/physical weathering
Definition
where rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.
Term
abrasion
Definition
the grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity.
Term
ice wedging
Definition
wedges of ice in rocks widen and deepen cracks.
Term
Chemical weathering
Definition
the process that breaks down a rock through chemical changes.
Term
soil
Definition
the loose weathered material on earth's surface in wich plants can grow.
Term
bedrock
Definition
solid layer of rock beneath the soil.
Term
humus
Definition
dark colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay.
Term
soil horizon
Definition
a layer of soil that deffers in color and texture form the layers above or below it
Term
topsoil
Definition
a crubly, dark brown soil that is a mixture fo humus, clay, and other minerals.
Term
subsoil
Definition
consists of clay and other particles washed down from the A horizon.
Term
decomposers
Definition
the orginisms that live in soil turn dead organic material into humus.
Term
sod
Definition
thick mass of tough roots ath the surface of the soil.
Term
renewable resorce
Definition
a resource that in naturally replaced in a relatively short time.
Term
dust bowl
Definition
an area where wind erosion caused severe loss of topsoil during the 1930's.
Term
soil conservation
Definition
the management of soil to prevent its destruction.
Term
permeable
Definition
the material is full of tiny, connected weathers chemically at a fast rate.
Term
litter
Definition
a loose layer of shedded leaves
Term
contour plowing
Definition
the practice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope.
Term
conservation plowing
Definition
disrubs the soil and its plant cover as little as possible.
Term
loam
Definition
soil that is made up of equal parts of clay, sand, and silt
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