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weathering and soil formation
chapter 7 key terms
23
Science
7th Grade
12/04/2006

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Term
weathering
Definition
the procces that breaks rock and and other substances at earth's surface
Term
erosion
Definition
the movement of rock particals by wind, water, ice, or gravity
Term
mechanical (physical) weathering
Definition
the type of weathering that rock is physically broken down into smaller peices
Term
abrasion
Definition
refers to the grinding of rock by rock particals carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity
Term
ice wedging
Definition
the process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands
Term
chemical weathering
Definition
the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes
Term
permeable
Definition
a material is full of shiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep into it
Term
soil
Definition
the loose, weathered substance on earths surface where plants can grow
Term
bedrock
Definition
the solid layer of rock beneath the earths soil
Term
humus
Definition
the dark substance that is formed when plants die and decay
Term
loam
Definition
soil made up of equal parts of clay, sand, and silt
Term
soil horizon
Definition
a layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers of soil above or below it
Term
top soil
Definition
a crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mix of humus, clay, and other minerals
Term
subsoil
Definition
consists of clay and other particals washed down from top soil and has very little humus
Term
litter
Definition
when plants shed leaves, they formed a loose layer
Term
decomposer
Definition
the organisms that break down the remains of plants and animals into smaller peices and digest them with chemicals
Term
sod
Definition
the thick mass of tough roots at the surface of the soil
Term
renewable resource
Definition
a naturally replaced substance in a normally short time
Term
dust bowl
Definition
a area where wind erosion caused serve topsoil loss in the 1930s
Term
soil conservation
Definition
is the manegment of soil to prevent its destruction
Term
contour plowing
Definition
is the practice of plowing feilds along the curves of a slope
Term
conservation plowing
Definition
it disturbes the soil and its plant cover as little as possible
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